Mary I - Society/Religion Flashcards
What was the main cause of Wyatt’s Rebellion?
Xenophobia and fears of Spanish control over England due to Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain.
What was a significant religious motivation behind Wyatt’s Rebellion?
Protestantism; rebels aimed to eliminate the Spanish and Catholic threat by replacing Mary with Elizabeth.
What was the planned timing for the rebellion?
The rebellion was planned for March 1554.
What happened to the four-pronged assault on London?
The assault failed after news of the rebellion reached the government.
What was the outcome of the rebel forces under Thomas Wyatt in Kent?
They penetrated London but were ultimately destroyed by loyal forces under the Earl of Pembroke.
How did Mary rally support during the rebellion?
Mary delivered a speech at Guildhall to rally Londoners to her cause.
What were the consequences for the Kentish men involved in the rebellion?
350 Kentish men were convicted of conspiracy; 30, including Wyatt, were executed.
What was the total number of executions following Wyatt’s Rebellion?
The total number of executions after the risings was 90.
Who were executed as a result of the rebellion?
Lady Jane Grey, her husband Guildford Dudley, and her father the Duke of Suffolk.
What was the main aim of the rebels in Wyatt’s Rebellion?
To overthrow Mary in favor of Elizabeth and restore Protestantism.
What was a significant misunderstanding among the rebels?
Many supporters did not anticipate the overthrow of the queen, mainly protesting against a marriage that had not yet occurred.
What did Protestant leaders believe about Mary’s reign?
They thought she triumphed in 1553 against Lady Jane due to God’s will, viewing her as the rightful heir.
What was the impact of Mary’s reign on Protestant changes?
Mary’s reign saw a reversal of the Protestant changes introduced by Somerset and Northumberland.
What significant legislative action occurred in 1553?
In 1553, the Edwardian settlement was repealed by Parliament, ending the 1552 Prayer Book, 42 Articles, and Act of Uniformity.
Who returned to England in 1554 and what was the outcome?
In 1554, Cardinal Reginald Pole returned to England as Papal Legate, leading to England’s readmission to the Roman Catholic Church.
What happened to leading Protestant bishops during Mary’s reign?
Leading Protestant bishops Ridley, Hooper, Latimer, and Cranmer were imprisoned and later executed for refusal to recant their Protestant beliefs.
What was the response of most parish clergy to Catholicism?
Most parish clergy conformed to Catholicism, although many were deprived for being married, most were soon reinstated.
What percentage of parish priests lost their benefices in London and Norwich?
In London and Norwich, where Protestantism was more established, about 25% of parish priests initially lost their benefices for being married but most were restored.
What happened to monastic and Church lands during Mary’s reign?
Monastic and other Church lands secularised during the Protestant Reformation were not returned, which was a major blow to the Papacy.
What reforms did Pole introduce as Archbishop of Canterbury?
Pole made Archbishop of Canterbury and introduced moderate reforms aimed at improving the quality of the clergy, such as setting up seminaries for clergy education.
What was Pole’s hope regarding the Bible and Prayer Book?
Pole hoped to sponsor a Catholic translation of the Bible and Prayer Book into English, while the regime accepted that the English Bible was here to stay.
What was the most controversial aspect of the Catholic Reformation?
The burning of Protestants (224 between 1555 and 1558) was the most controversial aspect of the Catholic Reformation.
What did Foxe’s Book of Martyrs indicate about popular support for Protestantism?
Even Foxe in his Book of Martyrs showed that there was little popular support for the Protestant martyrs or indeed Protestantism at the time.
How did social status affect Protestant gentry during persecution?
Many Protestant gentry may have escaped persecution because of their social status, with no indication that persecution would reverse religious changes.
What trend was observed in the scale of burnings?
The scale of burnings was decreasing, with 40 executed in 1558 compared to 70 to 95 per annum in the previous three years.
What was the approach of Mary I in restoring the Roman Catholic Faith to England?
She restored the Roman Catholic Faith gradually, which aroused only limited opposition.
Example: Wyatt’s rebellion 1554.
What did the 1553 Parliament do regarding Edwardian legislation?
It abrogated all existing Edwardian legislation and restored the religious position of the last years of Henry VIII, including the ‘catholic’ Act of Six Articles.
