Henry VII - Society, Economy and Religion Flashcards
What support did the Church provide to Henry during his reign?
The Church gave Henry important support during the reign.
How did the Pope support Henry’s title and marriage?
The Pope backed Henry’s title and marriage. Relations with the papacy remained good throughout the reign.
What significant gift did Pope Innocent VIII present to Henry?
Pope Innocent VIII presented Henry with a golden rose.
What special permission did Pope Julius II grant to Henry?
Pope Julius II gave special permission (papal dispensation) for Prince Henry to marry his sister-in-law, Catherine of Aragon.
What control did Henry have over church appointments?
The king controlled all appointments to senior church posts and other elements of church patronage.
What role did bishops play during Henry’s reign?
The bishops were used as administrators. Most were lawyers rather than theologians.
Who was Fox of Winchester and what was his role?
Fox of Winchester was Keeper of the Privy Seal and did extensive work in administration and diplomacy.
What positions did Morton hold?
Morton was Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor of England, and appointed a Cardinal by the Pope.
What was the Bishop of Lincoln’s request to the king?
The Bishop of Lincoln petitioned the king in vain to leave his royal duties in the Welsh Marches and return to his see.
What is the Benefit of Clergy?
Men who claimed that they were clergy were tried in Church courts and might hope for a more lenient sentence.
What statute did Henry introduce regarding clergy?
Henry introduced a new statute tightening up the definition of a clergyman to restrict this privilege.
What is the Right of Sanctuary?
Men could claim the right of sanctuary if they entered a church and could temporarily avoid arrest.
How did Henry change the Right of Sanctuary in cases of treason?
Henry ruled that in cases of treason, this right could no longer be exercised.
What was the situation with the Stafford brothers in 1486?
The Stafford brothers were arrested in church in 1486.
How did Henry view the nobles’ regional influence?
He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him and stayed within the law.
What was the role of Justices of the Peace (JPs) during Henry’s reign?
Henry VII used JPs on a large, nationwide scale. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time.
What was the chief task of JPs?
Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area.
What was the significance of Lambert Simnel’s claim?
He was crowned in Dublin as Edward VI.
What was the situation with the real Earl of Warwick during Simnel’s rebellion?
Although he was an impostor, the real Earl of Warwick was alive in the Tower.
Who fled to join Simnel?
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln – Richard III’s official heir - fled from Henry to join Simnel.
What support did Simnel have for his invasion?
He had support from the Irish and from 3,000 foreign mercenaries led by their captain, Martin Swartz.
Who backed Simnel’s claim?
Simnel was backed by Margaret of York, Dowager Duchess of Burgundy, Edward IV’s sister and a keen Yorkist.
What was the outcome of the battle at Stoke?
Simnel’s forces brought Henry to battle at Stoke (near Newark), and the king’s army prevailed.
Why was Warbeck considered a serious threat?
He gained support from Henry’s enemies: France, Margaret of Burgundy, the Emperor Maximilian, and James IV of Scotland.
