Edward VI - Northumberland Flashcards
How did Northumberland manage the Protestant Reformation?
He furthered the Protestant Reformation without causing popular unrest; the 1552 Prayer Book was more radical than the 1549 version, and the 42 Articles of Religion were drawn up by Cranmer in 1553.
What foreign policy achievements did Northumberland accomplish?
He sorted out Somerset’s poor foreign policy and made peace with France by selling back Boulogne.
What was Northumberland’s position during his rule?
He ruled as Lord President of the Council, rather than elevating himself to the position of Protector.
What was the internal political situation during Northumberland’s rule?
He was not faced by serious internal opposition; Somerset was executed in 1552 but there was no significant reaction to his death.
How did Northumberland come to power?
He came to power defensively. After Somerset’s fall in 1549, he was under attack from Gardiner and Wriothesly, which led him to become an effective ruler to defend himself.
What fiscal measures did Northumberland introduce?
He introduced measures aimed at fiscal retrenchment for the Crown, leading to some savings and a decrease in royal debt by the end of Edward’s reign.
What monetary policy changes did Northumberland implement?
The debasement of the coinage was eventually abandoned, and a new coin issue in 1552 was introduced to stabilize the currency.
What did the Royal Commission do under Northumberland?
The Royal Commission made a survey of royal revenues, analyzing faults, corruption, and inefficiency.
What military expense did Northumberland end?
He ended the expense of war.
What was one of Northumberland’s major failings?
He attempted to subvert the succession by putting forward Lady Jane Grey as Queen when Edward VI died, despite the scheme being illegal.
What legal issue surrounded Edward VI’s succession?
Edward was still a minor, and the succession was subject to Henry VIII’s third Succession Act of 1544, which declared Mary to be Edward’s heir.
What did the marriage of Lady Jane Grey signify?
The marriage of Lady Jane to Northumberland’s son, Guildford Dudley, highlighted Northumberland’s ambition, as he hoped his grandson would be king.
What did Northumberland do before his execution?
He recanted his Protestant beliefs before his execution, confirming the view that religious reform was a convenient cloak for his political ambition.
What is the 1550 New Ordinal?
It is the order of service for the ordination of new priests, emphasizing preaching the Word of God over ceremonies and rituals.
Who were purged during the removal of conservative bishops?
Bishops Gardiner of Winchester, Heath of Worcester, Day of Chichester, and Tunstall of Durham were purged.
