MARKERS Flashcards
BRC-ABL
Oncogene: CML, ALL, tyrosine kinase
bcl-2
Oncogene: Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas; anti-apoptotic moleculre
BRAF
Oncogene, melanoma, Serone/threonin kinase
c-kit
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, oncogene, Cytokine receptor
c-myc
Burkitt lymphoma, transcription factor
HER2/neu
breast, ovarian, gastric carcinoma with tyrosine kinase
L-myc
Lung tumor; transcription factor
N-myc
Neuroblastoma: transcription factor
ras
colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic
GTPase
ret
MEN 2A and 2B; Tryosine kinase
APC
BRCA1
BRACA2
APC = colorectal
BRCA1 = breast and ovarian
BRCA2- breast and ovarian
CPD4/SMAD4
Pancreatic cancer makes DPC or Deleated in Pancreatic Cancer
DCC
Colon cancer: Deleated in Colon Cancer
p16
Melanoma; cyclcin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
PTEn
breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial
Rb
retinoblastoma and Osteosarcoma: inhibits EF2 to stop G1–> S
TSC1
TSC2
both Tuberous sclerosis
1 = hamartin protein
2=Tuberin protein
Elevated Alk Phos is indication for
Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP).
α-fetoprotein
Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor.
*Normally made by fetus. Transiently elevated in pregnancy; high levels associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects, low levels associated with Down syndrome.
β-hCG
Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor.
*produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta.
Elevated CA-15-3/CA-27-29
Breast cancer
Elevated CA-19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Elevated CA-125
Ovarian cancer
Elevated CEA
Carcino Embryonic Antigen.
Very nonspecific but produced by ∼ 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
EBV causes what cancer
Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1° CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)
Infection with HBV, HCV
HCC increases
Infection HHV-8
Kaposi’s sarcoma
HPV infection
Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16, 18), head and neck cancer
H.pylori infection
Gatric adenocarcinoma and MALT oma
HTLV-1
associated with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma
Liver fluke: Clonorchis Sinensis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Schistosoma haematobium
Bladder Cancer
What neosplasms release 1,25 OH2, D3 resulting in Hypercalcemia
Hodgkin lymphoma, and some non
What neoplasms result in Paraneoplastic release of ACTH causing Cushing sydnrome
Small cell lung
What neoplasm causes paraneoplastic release of ADH leading to SIADH
Small cell lung and Intracranial neoplasms
What neoplasm release antiB to presynaptic Ca++ at the NMJ resulting in Lambert Eaton
Small Cell lung
What neoplasm releases EPO causing Polycythemia?
RCC, Thymoma, Hemangioblastoma, HCC, Leiomyoma, Pheocromocytoma
What malignancy releases PTHrP causing hypercalcemia?
Squamous cell lung, RCC or breast
What shit has Psammoma bodies?
PSaMMoma: Papillary carc of thyroid, Serious papillary cystadenocarcinom of ovary, Meningioma, Malignant mesothelioma
What tumors will Met to the BRAIN?
Lung> Breast > Genitourinary>Osteosarcoma; often multiple and well circumscribed
What tumors with MET to the LIVER
Colon»_space; Stomach> pancrease
What tumors with MET to the BONE
Prostate or Breast >lung>thyroid; more common then primary bone tumor
