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Step 1 Prep > Classic Lab 2 > Flashcards

Classic Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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2
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secreations

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

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3
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

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4
Q

Hilary lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB Mycobacterium bacilli)

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5
Q

“honecomb lung” on xray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

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6
Q

Hypercoaguability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

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7
Q

Hypersegmended neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurolgic symptoms)

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8
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

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9
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia ( fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

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10
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Datting error, anecephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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11
Q

Increase uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

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12
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

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13
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)

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14
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

Large lysosomal phagocytes, immunodeficient

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

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16
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema xray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

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17
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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18
Q

Low serum ceroplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

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19
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” apperance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

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20
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on xray

A

Multiple myeloma

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21
Q

Mammary gland “blue domed” cyst

A

Fibrocytic change of breast

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22
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A 
Multiple myeloma (IgG or A)
Monoclononal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobinemia
Primary amyloidosis
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23
Q

Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” = gastric carcinoma

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24
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

25
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Good pastuure syndrome (anti-basement mmb antibodies)

26
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

27
Q

Nodular hylaine deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic neuropathy)

28
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphlococcus epidermidis;
resistant: Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

29
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver dt Right heart failure

30
Q

Onion skin peristeal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

31
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Resistant: virdians streptococci

32
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle, on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomylitis)

33
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM

A

Minimal Change Disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

34
Q

Polished ‘ivory like’ appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

35
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimers) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

36
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC), mesothelioma, Papillary Serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

37
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

38
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

39
Q

Rectangular, crystal like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals ( Leydig cell tumor)

40
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

41
Q

Rhomboid crystals, + birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophospahte dihydrate cyrstals)

42
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

43
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

44
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophage (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of maligant cells

45
Q

Silver stained spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, change in personality)

46
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur on tibia or xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

47
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

48
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

49
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” Gardnella vaginalis

50
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langherhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

51
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus/layers of platelets/RBCs)

52
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral xray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

53
Q

Tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

54
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

55
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

56
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

57
Q

WBCs that look ‘smudged’

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

58
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light imcroscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

59
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (d/t subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Step 1 Prep (28 decks)

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