Marian Restoration

Question 1

Who were arrested in 1553?

Answer 1

Prominent protestants such as Latimer, Ridley, Hooper and Rogers as well as Archbishop Cranmer

Question 2

What did the 1553 Act of Repeal do? (3)

Answer 2

1. undid the Edwardian reformation
2. revived mass, ritual worship and clerical celibacy
3. reaffirmed traditional doctrine of transubstantiation

Question 3

When were the acts of repeal?

Answer 3

First in 1553 and second in 1554

Question 4

What did Mary’s first parliament refuse to do?

Answer 4

Repeal the act of supremacy

Question 5

What title was Mary given in 1553?

Answer 5

Supreme Head of the Church

Question 6

Key points of the royal injunctions of 1554 (3)

Answer 6

1. ordered bishops to supress heresy
2. removed married clergy
3. restored holy days, processions and ceremonies

Question 7

When did Pole return to England?

Answer 7

1554

Question 8

What did a 1554 dispensation by the Pope allow?

Answer 8

for church property to remain with the nobles

Question 9

Key points of the second act of repeal? (2)

Answer 9

1. undid all anti catholic legislation since 1529

2. ended royal supremacy and return England to papal authority

Question 10

What compromise was involved in the second act of repeal?

Answer 10

The landed elites’ property rights were protected for land bought since 1536

Question 11

Who was the first protestant martyr and when was he burned?

Answer 11

John Rogers in 1555

Question 12

What was the result of Gardiners death in 1555?

Answer 12

His death marks a turning point as the number of protestant burnings begin to increase, he had previously urged caution

Question 13

When was Pole named archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 13

1555

Question 14

What was the Synod?

Answer 14

A meeting of clerics under Pole in 1555

Question 15

What did the Synod issue in 1556?

Answer 15

The Twleve Decrees

Question 16

Key points of the twelve decrees?

Answer 16

1. listed rules on clerical discipline and against absenteeism, pluralism and simony
2. Benedictine monastry established at Westminster
3. established seminaries in every diocese, however shortage of money limited the programme to a single creation in York

Question 17

When was Cranmer burned?

Answer 17

1556

Question 18

What were the results of Cardinal Poles argument with the Pope in 1556?

Answer 18

Pole was stripped of his title of legate, showing the pope could interfere in English affairs. this worried many englishmen

Question 19

What were refounded in 1557?

Answer 19

Smaller religious houses

Question 20

How many protestants were burned in Mary’s reign?

Answer 20

estimates around 300

Question 21

What were the strengths with the statergy of persuasion and censorship?

Answer 21

pro government writers sponsered to publish defences of Mary’s policy and a number of sermons were sponsered at St Pauls Cross

Question 22

What were the weaknesses in the stragetgy of persuasion and censorship? (4)

Answer 22

1. 19,000 copies of Edwards 1552 Prayer book still in circulation
2. Latimer and Ridley produced pamphlets from prison
3. few trusted advisors had studied abroad meaning they were handicapped by narrow intellect and lack of debate skills
4. half as many printers in Mary’s regin

Question 23

What were the strengths of Mary’s strategy of persecution?

Answer 23

no evidence to suggest their was strong reactions against the burnings

Question 24

What were the weaknesses of Mary’s strategy of persecution? (3)

Answer 24

1. Administrative disruptions/ delays such as war with france
2. Martrys were supported by crowds, such as in the case of Rowland Taylor who had protestant prayers shouted at him
3. made protestant sympathies stronger

Question 25

What were the obstacles for Mary’s restoration? (6)

Answer 25

1. Bishops
2. Reign was brief
3. propoganda not utilised
4. Pole unfamilar with the realm
5. Attentios split with foreign policy
6. Pope Paul anti Habsburg

Question 26

How were bishops an obstacle to Mary’s Restoration?

Answer 26

Edwardian bishops were in their sees until April 1554, later in the reign there were lengthy vacancies in Bishoprics, particularly after Pope Paul refused to confim appointments

Question 27

Why was Mary’s brief reign an obstacle to Mary’s Restoration?

Answer 27

not enough time for Mary to impliment her restoration or for it to take root

Question 28

Example of a leading protestant who recanted before burning and what was Mary’s response?

Answer 28

John Cheke, Mary did not publishsise this