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Designated study period: daily cards > March 30 - Micro > Flashcards

March 30 - Micro Flashcards

1
Q

P fimbriae

A

E coli virulence factor. Allows for adhesion to uroepithelium in UTIs

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis morphology

A

Large gram positive rods that form medusa head colonies. Antiphagocytic capsule composed of D glutamate.

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3
Q

Diphtheria morphology

A

Nonmotile gram pos rods, often in clumps or V or Y shaped chains. Granules stain with aniline dyes (i.e. methylene blud)

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4
Q

Thayer martin medium

A

Selective chocolate agar with multiple antiboitics used to isolate N gonorrhea

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5
Q

Chocolate agar

A

Lysed red cells that release NAD (factor V) and hemin (factor X). Used to culture H flu

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6
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar

A

Used for pertussis

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7
Q

Loffler’s media

A

Selective for diphtheria

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8
Q

Tellurite plate

A

Differential for diphtheria

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9
Q

Lowenstein Jensen agar

A

Used to grow TB

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10
Q

Eaton’s agar

A

Grows mycoplasma, high in cholesterol

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11
Q

Eosin-methylene blue

A

Selective for gram negatives. Differential for lactose fermenters which turn a green metallic sheen.

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12
Q

Sorbitol macconkey

A

used to isolate 0157 e coli

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13
Q

buffered charcoal yeast

A

used for legionella

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14
Q

Sabouaud’s agar

A

used to grow fungi

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15
Q

N meningitidis prophylaxis

A

Done for close contacts. options are rifampin, ciprofloxacin (Adults), and IM ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Daptomycin

A

Antibioitic used to treat MRSA. Creates transmembrane channels, depolarizing cell membranes.

ADRs: myopathy, elevation of CPK.

Inactivated by surfactant so can’t be used to treat pulmonary infections.

17
Q

Linezolid

A

Antibiotic used to treat MRSA. Inhibits 50s ribosome. ADRs: thrombocytopenia, optic neuritis, serotonin syndrome.

18
Q

INH: MOA and MOR

A

MOA: activated by mycobacterial catalase peroxidase. Then inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.

Resistance: mutated binding site on mycolic acid synthesis enzyme results in decreased expression of catalase peroxidase

19
Q

Oseltamavir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat influenza A and B. Prevents release of virus from infected cells

20
Q

Amantadine

A

Impairs uncoating and disassembly of influenza A. Increases dopamine release in PD

21
Q

Aminoglycoside resistance

A

Bacteria produce enzymes that transfer different chemical groups to drug, decreasing ability to bind ribosomes

22
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome

A

Complication of meningococcemia, either in presence or absence of meningitis. Adrenal gland destruction, DIC, and shock

23
Q

Alcohol as disinfectant

A

Disrupt cell membranes and denatures proteins. Not sporicidal

24
Q

Chlorhexidine as disinfectant

A

Disrupts cell membranes and coagulates cytoplasm. Not sporicidal

25
Q

H2O2 as disinfectant

A

Produces free radicals. Sporicidal

26
Q

Iodine as disinfectant

A

Halogenates proteins and nucleic acids. Sporicidal

27
Q

Proteus lab characteristics

A

Gram neg rod, lactose non-fermenter, H2S producer (same as salmonella)

28
Q

Lactose fermenting gram neg rods

A

Fast fermenters: E coli, Klebsiella, enterobacter
Slow fermenters: Citrobacter, serratia

E coli and enterobacer distingushed by ecoli indole pos and enterobacter indole neg

29
Q

GAS vs GBS

A

GAS is PYR positive

GBS is PYR negative

30
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Caused by Bartonella henselae infection in immunocompromised. Red-purple papular lesion that mimics Kaposi sarcoma

31
Q

Adenovirus presentation

A

Fever, congestion, conjunctivits, pharyngitis

Year round outbreaks

32
Q

Bacterial vaginitis vs trichomonas vaginalis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

  • off white discharge iwth fishy odor
  • clue cells: epitheilial cells covered with gram variable rods

Trichomonas
-thin yellow-green malodorous frothy discharge

33
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis presentation

A

Small shallow painless ulcers initially. Followed by large painful inguinal nods

34
Q

Roseola

A

Caused by HHV-6. Occurs in kids less than 2. High fever for 3-7 days that stops abruptly and is followed by blanching maculopapular rash

35
Q

Aspiration syndromes

A
  1. Aspiration of gastric contents: acid injury and inflammation (not infection) of lung hours later
  2. Aspiration of oropharyngeal contents: pneumonia days later
36
Q

Enterococcal endocarditis

A

Seen followiong cystoscopy, colonoscopy, obstetric procetures

37
Q

Q fever

A

Caused by inhalation of Coxiella burnetii in air contaminated by animal waste.

Acute: fever for over 10 days, retroorbital HA, pneumonia, elevated LFTs, low platelets

Chronic: endocarditis in patients with valve disease

38
Q

Bacteria causing lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorfei

39
Q

Vi antigen

A

Salmonella virulence factor. Capsule that protects against opsonization adn phagocytosis

Designated study period: daily cards (32 decks)

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