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Designated study period: daily cards > April 4 > Flashcards

April 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic dissection presentation

A

Classic presenting symptom is tearing chest pain radiating to back and widened mediastinum on chest pain. There can be BP differential between arms and BP can be high or low.

If involves aortic root, can see aortic regurg or pericardial effusion/tamponade.

If involves aortic arch, can see stroke, Horner syndrome, vocal cord paralysis due to compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve, which runs under the aorta

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2
Q

Ibutilide

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

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3
Q

Actinic keratosis gross pathology

A

Scaly plaque

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4
Q

SCC gross pathology and risk factors

A

Gross: Ulcerated, nodular mass, classically involving lower lip

Risk factors: immunosuppression, arsenic poisoning, chronic inflammation

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5
Q

BCC gross and micro

A

Gross: elevated nodule with central ulcerated crater. Surrounded by dilated vessesl (telangiectasias). Classically on upper lip.

Micro: Nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading

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6
Q

Seborrheic keratosis micro

A

Circular spaces with abundant pink keratin, proliferation of keratinocytes

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7
Q

Herniation: which nerve root

A

Posterolateral disc herniation most common: affects nerve root below (L4-L5 herniation affects L5 nerve root)

Foraminal herniation affects nerve root above (L4-L5 herniation affects L4 nerve root)

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8
Q

Precontemplation vs contemplation

A

Precontemplation: not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior
Contemplation: acknowledging a problem but not yet ready to make a change

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9
Q

Theophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cAMP leading to bronchodilation to treat asthma.

Narrow therapeutic index drug thtat is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic. OD treated with cardioselective beta blocker

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10
Q

Ipratropium

A

Competitive muscarinic antagonist. Prevents bronchoconstriction in asthma and COPD.

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11
Q

Montelukast

A

Blocks leukotriene receptors. Good for aspirin-induced asthma

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12
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Blocks leukotriene receptors. Good for aspirin-induced asthma

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13
Q

Zileuton

A

Blocks 5-lipoxygenase, preventing formation of leukotrienes. Used for asthma

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14
Q

Digitalis/anti-arrhythmic interaction

A

Quinidine blocks digitalis clearance and displaces digitalis from binding sites

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15
Q

Anti-psuedomonal cephalosporin

A

Ceftazidime

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16
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Agonist at beta1 and beta2 receptors

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17
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta1 agonist

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18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Dominantly alpha agonist

19
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha agonist

20
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Alpha agonist

21
Q

Terbutaline

A

beta agonist used in obstetrics to decrease contractions

22
Q

Ritodrine

A

beta agonist used in obstetrics to decrease contractions

23
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha2 agonist, decreases sympathetic tone

24
Q

Methyldopa

A

Alpha2 agonist, decreases sympathetic tone

25
Q

Amphetamine

A

Blocks reuptake and promotes release of norepi

26
Q

Ephedrine

A

Promotes release of NE

27
Q

Treatment of cocaine intoxication

A

Benzos, no beta blockers

28
Q

Phentolamine

A

Blocks alpha1 and alpha2 receptors. USed for MAOi tyramine reaction

29
Q

Musc agonist effect on BP

A

Indirect effect: activate guanylate cyclase, decreasing Ca++ leading to vasodilation

30
Q

Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic agonist.

31
Q

Methacholine

A

M agonist, used to cause bronchoconstriction and test for asthma

32
Q

Pilocarpine

A

M agonist, used to decrease IOP

33
Q

Carbachol

A

M agonist, used to decrease IOP

34
Q

Myasthenia gravis exacerbation

A

Two causes

1) insufficient AChE dose
2) cholinergic crisis: too much AChE making NMJ refractory

Give edrophonium to distinguish

35
Q

M receptor effect on sweating

A

Agonists increase sweating

Antagonists decrease sweating, increasing temp leading to reflexive flushing of skin

36
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Regenerates AChEI

37
Q

Benztropine

A

Anti-M for PD

38
Q

Scopolamine

A

Anti-M for motion sickness

39
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Anti-M for overacitive bladder

40
Q

TRAP

A

Marker of B cell neoplasms

41
Q

Cluster hedache

A

Severe headache, lacrimation, conjunctival injection, ptosis, congestion, abortive O2 therapy

42
Q

I cell disease

A

Defective phosphotransferase - can’t phosphorylate mannose so golgi doesn’t recognize mannose-6-phosphate on hydrolase enzyme and traffic it to lysosome and it instead gets secretd. Without hydrolase, lysosomes fill up with stuff that can’t be degraded

Presents iwth dev delay, club foot, joint contractures, hernias, coarse facial features, gingival hypertrophy, hoarse voice

43
Q

Diffuse vs perfusion limited gases

A

CO: diffusion limited
NO: perfusion limited
O2: normally perfusion limited; becomes diffusion limited during excercise

Designated study period: daily cards (32 decks)

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