April 3

Question 1

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 1

Compression by rib/clavicle, pectoralis muscle, or ant and middle sclaenes.

Compression of lower trunk can result in numbness, tingling, weakness
Compression of subclavian vein can cause swelling
Compression of subclavian artery can cause exertional arm pain

Associated with repetitive overhead arm use

Question 2

Vascular supply to femoral neck

Answer 2

Medial circumflex

Question 3

Bisphosphanate MOA

Answer 3

Inhibits mature osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Structure similar to pyrophosphate. Attach to hydroxyapatite binding sites.

Question 4

Colchicine ADRs

Answer 4

Nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea due to disruption of MT formaiton in gastric mucosa

Question 5

Glucocorticoid myopathy

Answer 5

Painless weakness and atrophy

Question 6

Hypothyroid myopathy

Answer 6

Muscle pain, cramps, weakness of proximal muscles, delayed DTRs, myoedema

Question 7

Blood supply to thyroid

Answer 7

Superior thyroid artery: branch of external carotid. Runs with ext branch of sup laryngeal nerve which innervates cricothyroid. Can be damaged during thryoid surgery

Inf thyroid artery branch of thyrocervical trunk

Question 8

Thiamine

Answer 8

Cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase

Question 9

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis pathology

Answer 9

Lymphocytic infiltration with germinal centers

Question 10

Glucagonoma presentation

Answer 10

Diabetes
GI symptoms
Necrolytic migratory erythema

Question 11

NIacin ADR

Answer 11

Flushing, hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, elevated uric acid which can precipitate gout

Question 12

Calcium sensing receptor

Answer 12

GPCR that regulates PTH in reponse to circulating Ca++

Question 13

SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 13

end in - gliflozin. Increase urine glucose loss. Side effects are UTIs, hypotension. Contraindicated in renal failure