Manual: Human Physiology and High Altitudes

Question 1

The master controller of the human body is the…

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

The brain and spinal chord together form the…

Answer 2

central nervous syestem

Question 3

The brain (continues/stops) functioning when asleep…

Answer 3

continues

Question 4

The system that moves blood around the body is known as the … system. The blood is pumped through the system by the…

Answer 4

circulatory, heart

Question 5

Blood carries… from the lungs to the body tissues where it is burned to supply energy. This blood is colored (red/blue).

Answer 5

oxygen

Question 6

Oxygen molecules passing from the lungs into the blood attach themselves to the h….. in the red blood cells.

Answer 6

haemoglobin

Question 7

After delivering oxygen to the body tissues, the blood then carries …. products away.

Answer 7

waste

Question 8

The deoxygenated blood, which is somewhat (redder/bluer) in color, is returned to the heart, which pumps it through the lungs , where the waste …. …. is removed and then breathed out.

Answer 8

bluer, carbon dioxide.

Question 9

The circulation through the lungs is known as the (systemic/pulmonary) circulation.

Answer 9

pulmonary

Question 10

The circulation trough the body tissues is known as the (systematic/pulmonary) circulation.

Answer 10

systemic

Question 11

The blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart are called ….. .

Answer 11

arteries

Question 12

The blood vessels carrying blood to

the heart are called?

Answer 12

veins

Question 13

The very fine blood vessels are called?

Answer 13

capilliaries

Question 14

The pump of the circulatory system is the …….. and the rate at which it pumps is called the …….. rate.

Answer 14

heart, pulse

Question 15

The process of bringing energy-giving oxygen into the body and removing waste carbon dioxide is called ………. .

Answer 15

respiration

Question 16

External respiration occurs in the (lungs/body tissues) and internal respiration occurs in the (lungs/body tissues).

Answer 16

lungs, body tissue

Question 17

The breathing rate is controlled mainly by the amount of ……. …….. in the blood, a high concentration of which causes the breathing rate to (increase/decrease).

Answer 17

carbon dioxide, incresse

Question 18

Lung capacity is about (1/2/5/20) litre(s), but when people are resting each breath measures about (G/H/1/2/5) litre(s).

Answer 18

5, 0.5

Question 19

Air pressure (increases/decreases) as altitude is gained.

Answer 19

decreses

Question 20

A lack of oxygen in the body is called …….. .

Answer 20

hypoxia

Question 21

Oxygen deprivation becomes serious above about (1,000/5,000/10,000/20,000/30,000) feet.

Answer 21

10,000 feet

Question 22

A sudden depressurization will cause a sudden (inhalation/exhalation) of breath.

Answer 22

exhalation

Question 23

What are the symptoms of Hypoxia?

Answer 23

Changes in the color of your skin, ranging from blue to cherry red.
Confusion.
Cough.
Fast heart rate.
Rapid breathing.
Shortness of breath.
Sweating.
Wheezing.

Question 24

TUC stands for the t…. of …… ……….. following sudden deprivation of oxygen.

Answer 24

time of useful consciousness

Question 25

A smoker (will/will not) show symptoms of oxygen deprivation sooner then a non-smoker.

Answer 25

will

Question 26

The cure for hypoxia is to breathe (more/less) oxygen.

Answer 26

more

Question 27

Gases trapped in parts of your body will (contract/expand) as the cabin altitude increases. This is called ........ .

Answer 27

expand, baratrauma

Question 28

Over breathing may flush (oxygen/carbon dioxide) out of the blood and cause .............. .

Answer 28

carbon dioxide, hyperventilation

Question 29

The symptoms of hyperventilation are ......... .

Answer 29

``` Light headiness Giddiness Dizziness Shortness of breath Heart palpitations Numbness Chest pains Dry mouth Clammy hands Difficulty swallowing Tremors Sweating Weakness Fatigue ```

Question 30

the remedy for hyperventilation is to (reduce/increase) the breathing rate.

Answer 30

reduce

Question 31

Surfacing too quickly after deep scuba diving can cause .......... sickness, also known as the ......... . Climbing to altitude after scuba diving (will/ will not) worsen it.

Answer 31

decompression, bends, will

Question 32

The remedy of the bends is to (increase/ decrease) the pressure in the body.

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

As a general guide, do not fly at all within .. hours of scuba diving to shallow depths with compressed air, and within .. hours if you dive deeper then thirty feet.

Answer 33

12, 24

Question 34

What gas associated with the combustion process is colorless, odorless and tasteless, but they possession when breathed in?

Answer 34

carbon monoxide

Question 35

Carbon monoxide (is/ is not) found in engine exhaust.

Answer 35

is

Question 36

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are .......... .

Answer 36

``` Dull headache. Weakness. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Confusion. Blurred vision. ```

Question 37

If carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected, you should (increase/reduce) the supply of fresh air.

Answer 37

increase

Question 38

Equalization of air pressure on either side of the eardrums is allowed by the ......... tubes which connect the ears and the ...... passages.

Answer 38

Eustachian, nasal

Question 39

Blocked nasal passages are more likely to cause ear problems during (climb/cruise/descent).

Answer 39

descent

Question 40

If you have a cold, (do/do not) fly.

Answer 40

do not