Manual: Hearing and Balance

Question 1

The ears are very important for both h……. and b…….. .

Answer 1

hearing, balance

Question 2

Sound messages are sent from the ear to the brain via the …….. nerve.

Answer 2

auditory

Question 3

The ear is divided into three areas: the …… ear, the …… ear, and the …… ear.

Answer 3

outer, middle, inner

Question 4

Air pressure either side of each ear-drum is equalized by virtue of the E………… t…… .

Answer 4

Eustrachian tubes

Question 5

The Eustachian tubes are located in the (outer/middle/inner) ear.

Answer 5

middle

Question 6

Loud and unpleasant noise (can/will not) be fatiguing.

Answer 6

can

Question 7

A pilot (should/should not) protect the hearing with a good headset or earmuffs while flying.

Answer 7

should

Question 8

The balance mechanism is in the (outer/middle/inner) ear, and it detects (accelerations/motion).

Answer 8

inner, accelerations

Question 9

Angular accelerations in all three planes detected by the s….- c……. canals in the inner ear.

Answer 9

semi-circular

Question 10

Linear accelerations are detected by the s…. o….. in the inner ear.

Answer 10

static organ

Question 11

The static organ in the ear detects (linear/angular) accelerations. The static organ is composed of the c….., which is g…… material containing small crystals known as o…… . The c ……. has small h…. protruding into it which can send signals back to the brain regarding its movement.

Answer 11

linear, cupula, gelatinous, otoliths, cupula, hairs

Question 12

The static organ detects the direction of g-forces, but cannot distinguish their origin, which could be the force of …… or a (linear/angular) acceleration.

Answer 12

gravity, linear

Question 13

The more reliable sense is (vision/ balance).

Answer 13

vision

Question 14

Once you have settled into a steady banked turn, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/banked) flight. You should use your ….. to verify the true situation.

Answer 14

level, eyes

Question 15

Immediately after rolling level out of a lengthy, banked turn to the left, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/right-banked/left-banked) flight. This is known as the …… .You should … … … .

Answer 15

right-banked, leans, use your eyes

Question 16

Immediately after rolling level out of a lengthy, banked turn to the right, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/right-banked/left-banked) flight. This is known as the …… .You should … … … .

Answer 16

left-banked, leans, use your eyes

Question 17

To minimize balance illusions in instrument flight, you (should/need not) hold your head upright relative to your body, and use your …… .

Answer 17

should, eyes

Question 18

An illusion if rotation when there is no rotation occurring, or visa versa, is known as …… .

Answer 18

vertigo

Question 19

Vertigo (can/cannot) be caused by accelerations, strong nose-blowing, and sneezing.

Answer 19

can

Question 20

An upper respiratory tract infection such as a cold is critical for flying because the infection is likely to have blocked the E……… …. .

Answer 20

Eustachian tubes

Question 21

Flying with blocked Eustachian tubes can be painful and, in extreme cases, cause inwards failure of the e….. on descent and lead to p…… v……. .

Answer 21

eardrums, pressure vertigo

Question 22

In a steady banked turn, the body experiences (more/less) than 1g, the same feeling as when entering a climb/decent).

Answer 22

more, climb

Question 23

After rolling out of a turn, the body experiences (a reduced/ an increased) g-force, the same feeling as when entering a (climb/decent. You should ….. ….. …. .

Answer 23

a reduced, descent, use your eyes

Question 24

A strong forward acceleration can cause an illusion of pitching nose (up/down) and tumbling (forwards/backwards) You should … …. …. .

Answer 24

up, backwards, use your eyes

Question 25

A strong forward deceleration can cause an illusion of pitching nose (up/down) and tumbling (forwards/backwards) You should … …. …. .

Answer 25

down, forwards, use your eyes

Question 26

Airsickness can often be relived by (rough/smooth-and-coordinated) flying, lots of (stale/fresh) air, and (no/plenty of) unusual g-forces.

Answer 26

smooth-and-coordinated. fresh, no