Manual: Hearing and Balance Flashcards
The ears are very important for both h……. and b…….. .
hearing, balance
Sound messages are sent from the ear to the brain via the …….. nerve.
auditory
The ear is divided into three areas: the …… ear, the …… ear, and the …… ear.
outer, middle, inner
Air pressure either side of each ear-drum is equalized by virtue of the E………… t…… .
Eustrachian tubes
The Eustachian tubes are located in the (outer/middle/inner) ear.
middle
Loud and unpleasant noise (can/will not) be fatiguing.
can
A pilot (should/should not) protect the hearing with a good headset or earmuffs while flying.
should
The balance mechanism is in the (outer/middle/inner) ear, and it detects (accelerations/motion).
inner, accelerations
Angular accelerations in all three planes detected by the s….- c……. canals in the inner ear.
semi-circular
Linear accelerations are detected by the s…. o….. in the inner ear.
static organ
The static organ in the ear detects (linear/angular) accelerations. The static organ is composed of the c….., which is g…… material containing small crystals known as o…… . The c ……. has small h…. protruding into it which can send signals back to the brain regarding its movement.
linear, cupula, gelatinous, otoliths, cupula, hairs
The static organ detects the direction of g-forces, but cannot distinguish their origin, which could be the force of …… or a (linear/angular) acceleration.
gravity, linear
The more reliable sense is (vision/ balance).
vision
Once you have settled into a steady banked turn, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/banked) flight. You should use your ….. to verify the true situation.
level, eyes
Immediately after rolling level out of a lengthy, banked turn to the left, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/right-banked/left-banked) flight. This is known as the …… .You should … … … .
right-banked, leans, use your eyes
Immediately after rolling level out of a lengthy, banked turn to the right, the balance mechanism will send a message of (level/right-banked/left-banked) flight. This is known as the …… .You should … … … .
left-banked, leans, use your eyes
To minimize balance illusions in instrument flight, you (should/need not) hold your head upright relative to your body, and use your …… .
should, eyes
An illusion if rotation when there is no rotation occurring, or visa versa, is known as …… .
vertigo
Vertigo (can/cannot) be caused by accelerations, strong nose-blowing, and sneezing.
can
An upper respiratory tract infection such as a cold is critical for flying because the infection is likely to have blocked the E……… …. .
Eustachian tubes
Flying with blocked Eustachian tubes can be painful and, in extreme cases, cause inwards failure of the e….. on descent and lead to p…… v……. .
eardrums, pressure vertigo
In a steady banked turn, the body experiences (more/less) than 1g, the same feeling as when entering a climb/decent).
more, climb
After rolling out of a turn, the body experiences (a reduced/ an increased) g-force, the same feeling as when entering a (climb/decent. You should ….. ….. …. .
a reduced, descent, use your eyes
A strong forward acceleration can cause an illusion of pitching nose (up/down) and tumbling (forwards/backwards) You should … …. …. .
up, backwards, use your eyes
A strong forward deceleration can cause an illusion of pitching nose (up/down) and tumbling (forwards/backwards) You should … …. …. .
down, forwards, use your eyes
Airsickness can often be relived by (rough/smooth-and-coordinated) flying, lots of (stale/fresh) air, and (no/plenty of) unusual g-forces.
smooth-and-coordinated. fresh, no
