mandible/TMJ

Question 1

initial appearance(s) of bone tissue in the area where each of the 206 Bone Organs of the body form

Answer 1

ossification centers

Question 2

2 environments where ossification centers appear

Answer 2

within mesenchyme

on or within a cartilage model

Question 3

ossification center within mesenchyme called:

Answer 3

intramembranous bone organ development

Question 4

ossification center within a cartilage model called:

Answer 4

endochondral bone organ development

Question 5

addition of bone tissue to a bone organ

Answer 5

growth site

Question 6

growth sites of bone tissue formation

Answer 6

periosteum
endosteum
haversian and volkmann’s canals
PDL

Question 7

the mandible and maxilla have an _____ bone (organ) ossification center

Answer 7

intramembranous

Question 8

some bones, such as the ____ bones, have both intramembranous and endochondral ossification centers and are referred to as having _____ ossification centers

Answer 8

temporal; mixed

Question 9

there is one paired Meckel’s cartilage in each ____ of _____

Answer 9

mandibular process; branchial arch I

Question 10

each cartilage serves as models for 2 _____

Answer 10

ear ossicles (malleus and incus)

Question 11

each cartilage serves as the site for the appearance of 2 _____

Answer 11

ligaments (anterior malleolar and sphenomandibular)

Question 12

Meckel’s cartilages serve as both _____ of ear ossicles and as a ____ of each mandible half

Answer 12

ossification centers; growth site

Question 13

the mandible develops as 2 bilateral halves that exist throughout the _____ period

Answer 13

interuterine

Question 14

the mandible becomes 1 of the ____ skull bones when osseous union occurs between the halves at the ______

Answer 14

22; end of the first postnatal year

Question 15

the mandible begins development in the _____; arises from 2 bilateral ossification centers within _____ tissue, lateral to meckel’s cartilages

Answer 15

6th embryonic week; mesenchymal

Question 16

the ossification centers arise in the future site of the ____

Answer 16

mental foramina (where inferior alveolar nerve branches into mental and incisive nerves)

Question 17

from each of the ossification centers, the bone of the mandible halves grows posterior to the site of the future ____ and grows anterior toward the ____ where the 2 halves approach each other

Answer 17

TMJ; midline of the chin

Question 18

an independent cone-shaped area of cartilage becomes enclosed in the posterior end of the facial bone plate, referred to as _____

Answer 18

condylar cartilage

Question 19

fate of proximal end of meckel’s cartilages

Answer 19

malleus and incus ossicles (bone)

anterior malleolar ligament

Question 20

fate of middle area of meckel’s cartilages

Answer 20

sphenomandibular ligament

Question 21

fate of distal (anterior) end of meckel’s cartilages

Answer 21

temporary anterior lingual plate

growth sites of the mandible halves

Question 22

the place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton

Answer 22

joints or articulations

Question 23

permits little or no mobility (fibrous and suture joints)

Answer 23

synarthrosis

Question 24

examples of synarthrosis

Answer 24

between maxillary bones

between temporal and parietal bones

Question 25

permits slight mobility (cartilaginous joints)

Answer 25

amphiarthrosis

Question 26

example of amphiarthrosis

Answer 26

pubis symphysis

Question 27

permits a variety of movements (synovial joints)

Answer 27

diarthrosis

Question 28

example of diarthrosis

Answer 28

TMJ

Question 29

the TMJ is referred to as a _____ joint, referring to its dual compartment structure and function

Answer 29

ginglymoarthrodial

ginglymus = hinging joint ; arthrodial = sliding joint

Question 30

a joint that binds a tooth to a bone socket

Answer 30

gomphosis joint

Question 31

the fetal elbow joint has what features of MOST freely movable joints?

Answer 31

one joint cavity
incomplete articular disc
cartilage articular surfaces

Question 32

2 bones that form the TMJ

Answer 32

squamous portion of the temporal bone
condyloid process (condyle) of the mandible

Question 33

unique features of the TMJ

Answer 33

complete articular disc
2 joint cavities
soft connective tissue articulating surfaces

Question 34

cavitation of lower joint cavity occurs during the ____ month in utero

Answer 34

third

Question 35

appositional growth occurs between the _____ surface and the _____

Answer 35

articular connective tissue ; condylar cartilage

Question 36

over 25 years old, condylar cartilage is replaced by _____

Answer 36

compact bone tissue

Question 37

a rudimentary (embryonic) substance from which cells, tissues, or organs are formed

Answer 37

blastema

Question 38

the TMJ blastema is where the following form:

Answer 38

condylar cartilage
articular disc
2 joint cavities
soft tissue articular surfaces

Question 39

meckel’s cartilages serve as both _____ for ear ossicles and as a ____ of each mandible half

Answer 39

endochondral ossification centers; growth site

Question 40

the enclosed anterior parts of Meckel’s cartilages serve as:

Answer 40

• temporary lingual plate of the mandible halves

- growth site of the developing mandible halves

Question 41

structures arising from proximal end (ear end) to distal end (chin area)

Answer 41

incus
malleus
anterior malleolar ligament
sphenomandibular ligament
mylohyoid groove lining
enclosed anterior lingual part of developing mandible

Question 42

bone growing posteriorly from the ossification centers: the posterior end of the ____ incorporates an independent piece of ____ that becomes condylar cartilage, another ____ of each mandible half

Answer 42

facial plate; hyaline cartilage; growth site

Question 43

from the ossification center, the forming mandibular bone passes posterior, ____ to meckel’s cartilage in the shape of a ____, forming the ____ and _____

Answer 43

lateral; trough (U); facial and lingual plates

Question 44

at ___ in the embryo, the blastema or rudiments of the TMJ and site of condylar cartilage appear

Answer 44

8 weeks

Question 45

at 8 weeks in the embryo, the _____ is present, but ____ is not evident

Answer 45

articular disc; cavitation

Question 46

cavitation occurs during the ____ month in utero

Answer 46

third

Question 47

the ____ of the condyle is a growth site of the mandible

Answer 47

hyaline cartilage