Enamel

Question 1

maturation stage enamel proteins that when mutated can cause AI

Answer 1

KLK4

Question 2

KLK4 is a ____; mutations cause _____

Answer 2

serine protease; autosomal-recessive AI

Question 3

WDR72 is an ____ protein; mutations cause _____

Answer 3

intracellular; autosomal-recessive AI

Question 4

C4orf26 is secreted and somehow helps ____ to ____

Answer 4

enamel to mature

Question 5

SLC24A4 is a ____ that may rid enamel of ____

Answer 5

proton pump; protons

Question 6

the result of a sectioning phenomenon through 2 enamel rod directions

Answer 6

hunter-schreager bands

Question 7

there is a ____ arrangement of Hunter schreager bands around the cusp

Answer 7

circular

Question 8

may be formed as crown becomes bigger and new cohorts of cells are added cervically to compensate for the increase in size

Answer 8

perikymata or imbrication lines

Question 9

cohorts of ameloblasts sequentially form ____

Answer 9

gnarled enamel rods

Question 10

FAM83H mutations cause ____, the most common form of AI in the US

Answer 10

autosomal dominant hypocalcified AI (ADHCAI)

Question 11

mutations in FAM20A cause ____

Answer 11

autosomal recessive hypoplastic AI

Question 12

FAM20A is a secreted ____

Answer 12

glycoprotein

Question 13

FAM20A mutation causes:

Answer 13

enamel hypoplasia
gingival hypertropy
kidney calcifications

Question 14

enamel renal syndrome causes:

Answer 14

delayed eruption and pulp calcifications

Question 15

most prominent striae of Retzius; separates enamel formed before and after birth

Answer 15

neonatal line

Question 16

a neonatal line is found in ____ and ____

Answer 16

deciduous teeth; the cusps of first permanent molars

Question 17

severe cases of neonatal line hypoplasia may be associated with _____

Answer 17

baby bottle caries

Question 18

hypomaturation AI can look like _____

Answer 18

fluorosis

Question 19

structural enamel proteins

Answer 19

amelogenin (85-90%)
ameloblastin (5-10%)
enamelin (3-5%)

Question 20

incremental growth lines or bands seen in tooth enamel. They represent the incremental pattern of enamel, the successive apposition of different layers of enamel during crown formation

Answer 20

striae of Retzius

Question 21

the pits around the long prisms of tooth enamel. They indicate the places where enamel-producing cells used to make contact with neighboring cells and are the result of normal enamel apposition

Answer 21

perikymata