Management of Schizophrenia Flashcards
1
Q
what is the method used to manage schizophrenia
A
token economies
2
Q
whats involved in a token economy
A
- tokens given immediately when desriable behviour is acrried out
- the tokens are swapped later for rewards
3
Q
outline a key study into the use of token economies
A
- token economy used in mental ward
- tokens exchanged for things like watching a film
- “desriable behaviours” increased significantly
- these decreased once system was removed
4
Q
what are the 4 main processed involved in creating a token economy
A
- define target behaviours
- immediate associations
- behaviour shaping
- outcomes
5
Q
explain step 1 of a token economy
define target behaviours
A
- three categories: personal care, condition related behaviour and social behaviour
- coopoer et al - must know the patient for individualised targets
6
Q
explain step 2 of a token economy
immediate associations
A
- provide tokens for small b aheviours
- tokens are secondary associations - initially give at same time as the primary reinforcer to pair them together
7
Q
explain step 3 of token economy
behaviour shaping
A
- only provide tokens for larger changes
- invreased delay between secondary and primary reinforcer
- tokens administered ASAP
- once behaviour is mastered, remove reward
8
Q
explain step 4 of token economy
outcomes
A
- improved quality of life
- normalises behaviour making it easier to adapt to life
9
Q
give 2 strengths of token economies
A
- effective - clawaki et al reviewed 7 studies of token economies. showed a reduction in negative symptoms
- can be admisbtered by anyone and rewards are relatively cheap - not expensive
10
Q
give 2 limtations of token economies
A
- ethical issues - restricting pleasurable behaviours of those w disorder
- some of the reviews use small selections leading to the “file drawer problem” meaning questionable evidence
