Diagnosis and Classification

Question 1

what are the two cassification systems

Answer 1

• dsm 5
• icd 10

Question 2

what are positie symptoms

Answer 2

additional experiences

Question 3

what are the 3 positive symptoms

Answer 3

• hallucinations
• delusions
• disorganised speech

Question 4

explain hallucinations

Answer 4

unusual sensory experiences which can be related to any sense
* auditory - hearing noises or voices
* visual - when a person sees something

Question 5

explain delusions

Answer 5

irrational beliefs that can take varying forms
eg, being monitered by the government

Question 6

explain disorganised speech

Answer 6

individual struggles to think or speak coherently

Question 7

what are negative symptoms

Answer 7

involve the loss of usual abilities and exdperiences

Question 8

what are the 3 negative symptoms

Answer 8

• speech poverty
• avolition
• diminished emotional expression

Question 9

explain speech poverty

Answer 9

reduction in the ampunt and quality of speech

Question 10

explain avolition

Answer 10

finding it difficult to begin or keep up with goal orientated activities

Question 11

diminished emotional expression

Answer 11

lack of showing emotion characterised by unchanging facial expression

Question 12

what is co-morbidity

Answer 12

having two or more disorders at the same time

Question 13

what is symptom overlap

Answer 13

two symptoms are in the same diagnostic

Question 14

what was the aim and sample of rosenhans research

Answer 14

• aim - to see wether sane people preenting themselves as having a disorder will be diagnosed as insane
• sample - patients and staff at 12 hospitals accross 5 states in USA

Question 15

explain the method of rosenhans research

Answer 15

• 8 pseudo patients present themselves to the hospital for admission
• complained they had been hearing voices
• after admission, they acted normal and said they no longer feel the symptoms

Question 16

give the results of rosanhans research

Answer 16

• all pseudo patients admitted
• all but one diagnosed w schizophrenia
• no pseudo patients suspected by staff but 35 out of 118 patients suspected they werent real

Question 17

how is the effect of labelling seen in rosanhans reserach

Answer 17

normnal behaviours shown by the pseudo patients were often interpretated as symptoms of their disorder. Eg, queing up early for lunch was seen as a pathological behaviour

Question 18

give a piece of research into the reliability and validity of diagnosis

strength

Answer 18

osorio et al
* reported excellent reliability for diagnosis of schizophrenia in 180 individuals using DSM 5
* inter rater score of 0.97

Question 19

give a piece of research into the reliability and validity of diagnosis

weakness

Answer 19

• two psychoatrists assessed 100 patients using DSM or ICD
• 68 were diagnosed w schizophrenia using ICD
• 39 using DSM

Question 20

give research involving gender with the diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 20

ratio of male to women diagnosed is 1.4:1

Question 21

give research involving culture with the diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 21

british african caribean 9x more likely to be diagnosed than white british