Localisation and Lateralisation

Question 1

what is meant by localisation

Answer 1

specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological funtions

Question 2

the main part of the brain (cerebrum) is divided into two halves, known as ……

Answer 2

left and right hemisphere

Question 3

the hemispheres are subdivided into 4 centres, known as ……

Answer 3

lobes

Question 4

what are the 4 different lobes of the brain

Answer 4

• frontal
• pariental
• occipital
• temporal

Question 5

outline the function and key areas of the following lobe

frontal

Answer 5

• responsible for control over many things such as the way you think, how you move and a key part in social skills
• at the back of the frontal lobe is the motor area which control voluntary movement and brocas area in the left frontal lobe

Question 6

outline the function and key areas of the following lobe

pariental

Answer 6

• vital for sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, smell, sight etc
• at the front of the lobe is the somatosensory area where sensory information from the skin (eg, heat) is represented

Question 7

outline the function and key areas of the following lobe

occipital

Answer 7

• visual processing area associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, object and face recognition and memory formation
• visual cortex

Question 8

outline the function and key areas of the following lobe

temporal

Answer 8

• house the auditory area, which anylses speech based information
• wernickies area - comprehend language

Question 9

where are the language centres of the brain found

Answer 9

left hemisphere

Question 10

where is brocas area, what is it called when there is issues with this area and what does this lead to

Answer 10

• left frontal lobe
• brocas aphasia
• speech that is slow and lacking in fluency

Question 11

where is wernickies area, what is it called when there is issues with this area and what does this lead to

Answer 11

• left temporal lobe
• wernicke’s aphasia
• speech produced is fluent but has no meaning

Question 12

what is meant by lateralisation

Answer 12

the two halves of the brain are functionally different

Question 13

the motor area of the brain is …….

Answer 13

cross wired (contralateral wiring)

Question 14

what is ther wiring in the vision centres of the brain

contralateral?

Answer 14

both contralateral and ipsiliateral
(opposite and same sided)

Question 15

what does the contraleral wiring of the motor area in the brain mean

Answer 15

the RH controls movment on the left side and vice versa

Question 16

explain the contraleteral and ipsilateral wiring of vision

Answer 16

• the left visual field of both eyes is connected to the RH
• the right visual field of both eyes is connected to the LH

Question 17

explain a piece of research that doesnt support localisation

Answer 17

dick and tremblay

• only 2% of researchers believe language is controlled by brocas and wernickies area
• language distributed more holistically
• shows language isnt localised area but multiple areas\

Question 18

explain a piece of reserahc that supports localisation

Answer 18

dougherty et al
* specific area in people with OCD had a brain structure removed
* out of 44 people, 30% had a successfull response
* shows this srea may be where OCD is localised
* however, if this was the case response would be 100%

Question 19

what is split brain

Answer 19

connections between the RH and LH is severed so they can no longer communicate with eachother

Question 20

give the following for sperrys split brain research

aim

Answer 20

how do the two seperate hemispheres deal with lamguage and vision

Question 21

give the following for sperrys split brain research

sample

Answer 21

11 people with split brain

Question 22

give the following for sperrys split brain research

method

Answer 22

• image projected to persons right visual field (processed by LH)
• same or different image projected to persons left visual field (processed by RH)

Question 23

give the following for sperrys split brain research

results when info presented to left visual field

Answer 23

• images shown to left visual field couldnt be named as info is processed in the right hemisphere where there is no laguage centres

Question 24

give the following for sperrys split brain research

results when info presented to right visual field

Answer 24

• info could be described in speech and writing

Question 25

give a case study that supports lateralisation

Answer 25

kim peek case study
* born with split brain
* could read two pages in 10 seconds
* shows hemispheres work independently
* however, not genrralisable

Question 26

give a piece of reserach that supports lateralisation

Answer 26

fink et al
* RH more active when looking at whole forest
* LH more active when looking at finer detail such as individual trees

Question 27

give a strength PEELH for localisation

Answer 27

P - supporting rsearch
Eg - dougherty et al. 44 ppl with OCD had brain area removed. 30% successfull response
Ex - shows this is the area where OCD is localised. supports the theory of localisation where specific areas have specific functions
L - increases validity of the theory
H - if OCD was localised to only one area then sucesfull response would be 100%

Question 28

give a limitation PEELH for localisation

Answer 28

P - criticising research
Eg - dick and tremblay. only 2%of reseracghers believe lamguage is controlled by brocas and wernickies area and thinj it is distributed holistically
Ex - highligts that lamguage centres arent localised to only one brain area
L - decreases valiity of the theory
H -

Question 29

give a PEELH for lateralisation

Answer 29

strength
P - supporting research
Eg - fink et al. Rh more active looking at whole forest, Lh more active w finer detail
Ex - two hemispheres responsible for different functions supporting the theory
L - increases validity
H - lack ecological validity