Localisation and Lateralisation Flashcards
what is meant by localisation
specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological funtions
the main part of the brain (cerebrum) is divided into two halves, known as ……
left and right hemisphere
the hemispheres are subdivided into 4 centres, known as ……
lobes
what are the 4 different lobes of the brain
- frontal
- pariental
- occipital
- temporal
outline the function and key areas of the following lobe
frontal
- responsible for control over many things such as the way you think, how you move and a key part in social skills
- at the back of the frontal lobe is the motor area which control voluntary movement and brocas area in the left frontal lobe
outline the function and key areas of the following lobe
pariental
- vital for sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, smell, sight etc
- at the front of the lobe is the somatosensory area where sensory information from the skin (eg, heat) is represented
outline the function and key areas of the following lobe
occipital
- visual processing area associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, object and face recognition and memory formation
- visual cortex
outline the function and key areas of the following lobe
temporal
- house the auditory area, which anylses speech based information
- wernickies area - comprehend language
where are the language centres of the brain found
left hemisphere
where is brocas area, what is it called when there is issues with this area and what does this lead to
- left frontal lobe
- brocas aphasia
- speech that is slow and lacking in fluency
where is wernickies area, what is it called when there is issues with this area and what does this lead to
- left temporal lobe
- wernicke’s aphasia
- speech produced is fluent but has no meaning
what is meant by lateralisation
the two halves of the brain are functionally different
the motor area of the brain is …….
cross wired (contralateral wiring)
what is ther wiring in the vision centres of the brain
contralateral?
both contralateral and ipsiliateral
(opposite and same sided)
what does the contraleral wiring of the motor area in the brain mean
the RH controls movment on the left side and vice versa
explain the contraleteral and ipsilateral wiring of vision
- the left visual field of both eyes is connected to the RH
- the right visual field of both eyes is connected to the LH
explain a piece of research that doesnt support localisation
dick and tremblay
- only 2% of researchers believe language is controlled by brocas and wernickies area
- language distributed more holistically
- shows language isnt localised area but multiple areas\
explain a piece of reserahc that supports localisation
dougherty et al
* specific area in people with OCD had a brain structure removed
* out of 44 people, 30% had a successfull response
* shows this srea may be where OCD is localised
* however, if this was the case response would be 100%
what is split brain
connections between the RH and LH is severed so they can no longer communicate with eachother
give the following for sperrys split brain research
aim
how do the two seperate hemispheres deal with lamguage and vision
give the following for sperrys split brain research
sample
11 people with split brain
give the following for sperrys split brain research
method
- image projected to persons right visual field (processed by LH)
- same or different image projected to persons left visual field (processed by RH)
give the following for sperrys split brain research
results when info presented to left visual field
- images shown to left visual field couldnt be named as info is processed in the right hemisphere where there is no laguage centres
give the following for sperrys split brain research
results when info presented to right visual field
- info could be described in speech and writing
give a case study that supports lateralisation
kim peek case study
* born with split brain
* could read two pages in 10 seconds
* shows hemispheres work independently
* however, not genrralisable
give a piece of reserach that supports lateralisation
fink et al
* RH more active when looking at whole forest
* LH more active when looking at finer detail such as individual trees
give a strength PEELH for localisation
P - supporting rsearch
Eg - dougherty et al. 44 ppl with OCD had brain area removed. 30% successfull response
Ex - shows this is the area where OCD is localised. supports the theory of localisation where specific areas have specific functions
L - increases validity of the theory
H - if OCD was localised to only one area then sucesfull response would be 100%
give a limitation PEELH for localisation
P - criticising research
Eg - dick and tremblay. only 2%of reseracghers believe lamguage is controlled by brocas and wernickies area and thinj it is distributed holistically
Ex - highligts that lamguage centres arent localised to only one brain area
L - decreases valiity of the theory
H -
give a PEELH for lateralisation
strength
P - supporting research
Eg - fink et al. Rh more active looking at whole forest, Lh more active w finer detail
Ex - two hemispheres responsible for different functions supporting the theory
L - increases validity
H - lack ecological validity
