Management Flashcards
what are the five functions of management
- planning
- organizing
- staffing
- directing
- controlling
define the planning aspect of management
creating policies (boundaries to operate in) and procedures (sequence of activities)
what are the three types of planning
short-range: 1 year or less (often the operational budget)
long-range: up to 5 years (goals and objectives)
strategic: best way to accomplish said goals and objectives
define vision
the aspiration, goals, and future of the company
something to be accomplished
define mission
core purpose, present
something to be pursued for accomplishment
define the organizational aspect of management
making the organizational chart of the company
what does the organizational chart show
lines of authority (not degree of authority)
difference between line vs staff positions
line: a position that has authority and responsibility for achieving the major goals of the organizations (nurse, doctor)
staff: provides specialized expertise and assistance to line positions (IT service)
define chain of command
shows command relationship from top to bottom
define unity of command
each employe is accountable to one supervisor
define span of control
how many people are under direction of one person
narrow vs wide span of control (and when each is used)
narrow span: 1 manager for small number of employees (for new hires/less expertise)
wide span: 1 manager for large number of employees (for old hires/more expertise)
define motion economy
how to use the human body to reduce motion
define occurrence sampling
observing randomly to determine % time idle vs working (optimize/fix if needed)
define flow diagram
the path of a worker
define cross charts
the placement, movement, and space of equipment
define process chart
a step-wise chart using symbols
define operation chart
the movement of hands
define the directing aspect of management
distributing and delegating
barriers to directing
lack of confidence, feeling as if you don’t need subordinates, feeling a loss of power with directing
how to overcome directing barriers
communication
define the communication channels:
1. upward
2. downward
3. horizontal
4. diagonal
5. informal
- upward: employee > boss
- downward: boss > employee
- horizontal: department A > department B
- diagonal: direct communication between diagonally placed departments
- informal: person > person
define the motivational theory: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
each person has the following needs, and they must be fulfilled in this order
1. physiological needs (food, air, water, etc.)
2. safety needs (security, resources)
3. love and belonging (friendship, family, connection)
4. esteem (respect, status, recognition)
5. self-actualization (desire to become most one can be)
define the motivational theory: Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
people have maintenance factors and motivational factors
maintenance factors prevent people from becoming motivations if not filled (money, relationship, benefits)
motivation factors enrich the job and add to self-actualization