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macOS Support Essentials 12 > Manage File Systems and Storage > Flashcards

Manage File Systems and Storage Flashcards

1
Q

What is the file system for Mac computers on macOS High Sierra and later?

A

Apple File System (APFS)

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2
Q

What are two APFS volume roles with macOS Monterey?

A
  1. APFS System

2. APFS Data

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3
Q

What is the APFS System volume/what does it contain?

A

A read-only volume for the operating system

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4
Q

What is the APFS Data volume/what does it contain?

A

A read-write volume for user data

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5
Q

What is the process of applying logic to storage in the form of partitions, containers, and volumes?

A

Formatting

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6
Q

What is a partition?

A

A logical space on a storage device

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7
Q

What are the three types of partition schemes that Mac’s support?

A
  1. GUID Partition Map
  2. Apple Partition Map (APM)
  3. Master Boot Record (MBR)
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8
Q

What is the default partition scheme for Macs?

A
  1. GUID Partition Map
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9
Q

What application should you use if you need to partition your internal storage to install Windows on an Intel-based Mac?

A

Boot Camp Assistant

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10
Q

What is a “volume”?

A

A storage area inside a partition

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11
Q

What are the types of volumes that macOS Monterey supports?

A
  1. APFS (Encrypted, Case-sensitive, Case-sensitive and encrypted)
  2. Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled OR case-sensitive journaled, Journaled AND case-sensitive)
  3. File Allocation Table (FAT)
  4. Extended File Allocation Table (ExFAT)
  5. New Technology File System (NTFS)
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12
Q

What are some advantages of APFS?

A

APFS advantages include making common operations such as copying files and directories instantaneous, helping protect data from power outages and system crashes, and keeping files safe and secure with native encryption.

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13
Q

What is the Mac OS Extended volume?

A

The default volume that came with macOS Sierra and lower

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14
Q

What is the FAT volume?

A

A legacy volume format used by Windows PCs

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15
Q

What is the ExFAT volume?

A

A volume created specifically for flash storage drives larger than 32 GB

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16
Q

What is the NTFS volume?

A

The default volume format used by recent versions of Windows

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17
Q

Introduced in macOS Catalina, what do “firm links” do?

A

Allow forward and reverse traversal between parts of the two volumes.

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18
Q

What are the six APFS volumes in the APFS container on a Mac startup desk running macOS Monterey?

A
  1. System volume
  2. Signed System Volume Snapshot
  3. Data volume
  4. Preboot volume
  5. Recovery volume
  6. VM Volume
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19
Q

What is the “system volume” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

A read-only volume, named Macintosh HD on a new Mac that comes with macOS Monterey and contains system files.

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20
Q

What is the “Signed System Volume Snapshot” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

An APFS snapshot of the system volume

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21
Q

What is the “data volume” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

A read/write volume that contains files that change, including those in the Users folder (often named Macintosh HD - Data.

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22
Q

What is the “Preboot volume” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

A hidden volume that contains data needed for booting each of the system volumes in the container.

23
Q

What is the “Recovery volume” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

A hidden volume that contains macOS Recovery

24
Q

What is the “VM volume” in regards to the APFS Container/startup disk?

A

The virtual memory volume that is created for the first time after a Mac starts up.

25
Q

What is the System Recovery container?

A

A hidden container that contains a minimal macOS environment that is used to reinstall macOS and recoveryOS. Only on a Mac with Apple silicon.

26
Q

Why doesn’t Disk Utility display information about hidden APFS volumes?

A

They are automatically created and maintained and you won’t ever need to edit those volumes.

27
Q

What terminal command can you use to obtain a list of APFS containers and volumes?

A

diskutil APFS list

28
Q

What terminal command can you use to obtain information about the items in the APFS volume group?

A

diskutil APFS ListVolumeGroups

29
Q

True/False: You can’t add an APFS volume to an existing APFS container.

A

False

30
Q

What tool should you use to add an APFS volume to an existing APFS container?

A

Disk Utility

31
Q

To add a new APFS container, what do you have to create first?

A

A new partition

32
Q

True/False: Storage devices formatted as Mac OS Extended can be read from - and written to - by Mac computers

A

True

33
Q

True/False: Mac computers that started from a storage device formatted by APFS cannot read or write to storage devices formatted as APFS.

A

False

34
Q

True/False: Boot camp can read from and write to APFS-formatted volumes.

A

False.

35
Q

True/False: Volumes formatted as APFS can’t offer share points over the network using Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)

A

True

36
Q

What is the difference between the terms “unmount” and “eject” in reads to disks/volumes?

A
  1. Unmount refers to the process of having the Mac cleanly disconnect from a disk’s volumes.
  2. Eject refers to the process of having the Mac additionally disconnect electronically from the hardware disk or media.
  3. When you choose to eject a disk from the Finder, the Mac unmount the volumes first and then ejects the disk.
37
Q

What are the 7 ways to unmount and eject a disk of volume from the Finder?

A
  1. Select the disk/volume you want to unmount and eject (Choose File - Eject)
  2. Drag the disk or volume icon to the Trash icon in the Dock
  3. In the Finder Sidebar, click the small Eject button next to the disk/volume you want to eject.
  4. Select the disk/volume you want to unmount and press Command - E
  5. Select the disk/volume you want to unmount and control-click to reveal the shortcut menu, and choose “Eject diskname”
  6. In a Finder window, select the disk/volume you want to unmount and click the Action button in the Finder window toolbar, and choose “Eject diskname”
38
Q

What 2 key combination can you use to eject all volumes of a disk?

A
  1. Select a disk and press Option-Command-E

2. Press and hold the Option key and choose File - Eject “number of volumes” Volumes.

39
Q

What tool can you use to unmount and remount volumes manually without having to physically disconnect/reconnect the disk?

A

Disk Utility

40
Q

What do you have to do to remount a volume on a connected disk?

A

Unmount and eject remaining volumes, then physically disconnect and reconnect the disk.

41
Q

Where can you access information about the Mac storage?

A

The “Storage” pane from the About This Mac window.

42
Q

What two tools can you use to examine storage devices?

A

Disk Utility and System Information

43
Q

What does Disk Utility do upon opening the app?

A

Scans the file system for attached devices and volumes

44
Q

What does Disk Utility display, by default? How can you view information about the physical disk?

A
  1. Volumes

2. Click View in the upper-left corner, then choose “Show All Devices.”

45
Q

What is the hierarchical order of items that you see after clicking “Show All Devices” in Disk Utility?

A
  1. Storage hardware (disk)
  2. APFS containers and non-APFS volumes in partitions in the disk
  3. APFS volumes in APFS containers
46
Q

What does S.M.A.R.T. stand for in regards to identify a hardware failure?

A

Self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology

47
Q

How do you erase a disk, container, and volume?

A

In Disk Utility, select the disk, container, or volume you want to erase, and click the “Erase” button in the Disk Utility Toolbar.

48
Q

What can you do to prevent erased files from being recovered from non encrypted disks?

A

When you erase a disk, click “Security Options” and choose how may times to write over the erased data.

49
Q

How can you erase files in Terminal?

A

By using the “rm” command.

50
Q

What does macOS do to the files that are deleted, when deleting in terminal?

A

It marks the deleted files as free space and leaves the files instant until they are written over by another action.

51
Q

What does the Disk Utility First Aid do?

A

Verifies and repairs the partition scheme and volume directory structures

52
Q

What are the two features that allows you to connect your Mac to another Mac? (For both Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac)

A
  1. Share Disk (Apple silicon)

2. Target Disk Mode (Intel-based Mac)

53
Q

Where is the “Share Disk” option to transfer information between two Macs with Apple silicon?

A

Start a Mac with Apple silicon in macOS Recovery and the “Share Disk” option is under Utilities.

54
Q

What two ways can you put an Intel-based Mac into Target disk mode?

A
  1. Selecting Target Disk Mode in the Startup Disk pane of System preferences
  2. Power on Mac and press and hold the T key

macOS Support Essentials 12 (28 decks)

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