Manage and Troubleshoot Apps Flashcards
What is a process?
Any instance of executable code that is currently activated and addressed in system memory. (Anything that currently running or open)
What is an app?
A process you run in the graphical interface
What is a command
A process you run in the command-line interface (CLI)
What are processes that run on behalf of macOS?
Background processes (or daemons)
What are background processes, or daemons responsible for?
Most automatic macOS features, such as detecting network changes and maintaining the Spotlight search metadata index
What is an agent?
A daemon that runs on behalf of a specific user
What is the difference between agents and daemons?
Agents only run when you’re logged in
What is the primary feature in macOS that keeps processes secure?
protected memory
Why does macOS manage memory allocation so that processes aren’t allowed to interfere with one another’s system memory space?
So that an ill-behaved or crashed app doesn’t affect other processes
True/False: macOS supports 64-bit mode exclusively
True
What is an Intel app?
An app that has not yet been updated for a Mac with Apple silicon
What is a universal app?
When developers can compile their apps for a universal target: both a Mac with Apple silicon and an Intel-based Mac
What can you use to view the kinds of apps installed on your Mac?
System Information
What is Rosetta?
A translation process for Mac computers with Apple silicon.
How do you install Rosetta?
Whenever macOS detects that the code you’re trying to run hasn’t been updated for Apple silicon, you’re asked to first install Rosetta. Click the install button in the dialog box.
What do app extensions provide the macOS?
They provide a standard framework that allows apps from different developers to interact with one another
Where can you view installed app extensions and enable or disable their functionality?
From the extensions pane in System Preferences
How do you install new app extensions?
When you install an app that provides app extensions, app extensions are installed automatically that are part of the app.
What do Actions extensions do?
They enable you to edit or view content in one app, using the features of a second app without leaving the first app. (Marking up PDF docs in Mail, without leaving Mail)
What do Finder Extensions do?
They can add file-system functionality thats display in the Finder
What do Photos Editing Extensions do?
They can add photo manipulation tools to the Photos app
What do Quick Look Extensions do?
Enable Quick Look to give you a preview of additional kinds of files
What do Share Menu Extensions do?
They can add more options to the Share menu so that you can share content from one app with other apps
What do Finder Quick Actions and Preview Pane Extensions do?
They perform Quick Actions on documents in the Finder and in the Finder’s Preview pane.
What features are automatically downloaded in Touch Bar Extensions?
No Touch Bar extensions are included with a new installation of macOS Monterey.
Where are Shortcuts that have been created for Quick Actions saved?
They are automatically saved and enabled as a Finder Quick Action
How can app extensions add functionality to the Notification Center?
Widgets
What is different about the Notification Center with macOS Monterey?
It combines your alerts and your widgets
In macOS Monterey, what app do you use to examine open apps and processes?
Activity Monitor
What are the 10 default columns that Activity Monitor looks at?
- Process Name
- % CPU
- CPU Time
- Threads
- Idle Wake-Ups
- Kind
- % GPU
- GPU Time
- Process Identification (PID)
- User
How can Activity Monitor help you identify if a Mac has sufficient physical memory for the task?
It uses the Swap Used and Compressed memory statistics to display the historical memory used since the last startup. A low swap value is acceptable, but a high value indicates that a Mac doesn’t have enough real memory to meet the app’s demands.
What 8 steps should you take when troubleshooting an app?
- Restart the app
- Restart the computer
- Open another known working document
- Try another app
- Try another user account
- Try disconnecting your Mac from the network temporarily if the app is waiting for a response from the internet
- Check diagnostic reports and log files
- Replace preference files
- Delete cache files
Which three ways can you forcibly quit an app from the graphical interface?
- From the Force Quit Applications dialog
- From the Dock
- From Activity Monitor
How do you get to the Force Quit Applications dialog?
Choose Apple Menu > Force Quit or press Option-Command-Escapte
What does the diagnostic reporting feature in macOS do?
Displays a warning dialog that lets you know a problem occurred when an app quits unexpectedly (crashes) or stops functioning (hangs) and you have to force quit it.
Where can you configure the Share Mac Analytics?
In the Security and Privacy settings in the Privacy pane, under Analytics and Improvements
What app can you use to view reports (also called logs or log messages) to solve problems and check on the performance of your Mac and other devices.
Console
What are the 6 types of reports you can view with Console?
- Devices
- Crash Reports and Spin Reports
- Log Reports
- Diagnostic Reports
- Mac Analytics Data
- system.log
What do Crash and Spin reports show in Console?
More detailed diagnostic messages that are created when processes crash or hang.
What do Log Reports show in Console?
Reports with information about apps or processes that run.
What do Diagnostic Reports show in Console?
Reports about hardware resources or system response time.
What does Mac Analytic Data show in Console?
Short diagnostic messages that show general use and problems
What does the system.log tab show in Console?
the contents of the legacy /private/var/log/system.log file.
What two things do apps primarily access when they are in use?
- Documents for which the app handles viewing or editing
2. Preference files that contain the app settings
Why are preference files so important?
They might contain settings that are required for an app to work, like an app serial number or registration information
Which file format is often used for presence files?
Most app preferences are property lists, which are XML files that have the .plist filename extension.
How can you view the content of .plist files?
You can view them in Quick Look and you can view and edit them in Xcode
Where are non-sandboxed app .plist files stored?
~/Library/Preferences or /Library/Preferences
Where are sand-boxed app .plist files stored?
The Containers or Group Containers folder
~/Library/Containers/bundleID/Data/Library/Preferences
~/Library/Group Containers/bundleID/Library/Preferences
What is the background process that maintains the preference architecture that may need to be restarted when trying to resolve corrupted preferences?
cfprefsd
