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macOS Support Essentials 12 > Manage and Troubleshoot Apps > Flashcards

Manage and Troubleshoot Apps Flashcards

1
Q

What is a process?

A

Any instance of executable code that is currently activated and addressed in system memory. (Anything that currently running or open)

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2
Q

What is an app?

A

A process you run in the graphical interface

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3
Q

What is a command

A

A process you run in the command-line interface (CLI)

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4
Q

What are processes that run on behalf of macOS?

A

Background processes (or daemons)

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5
Q

What are background processes, or daemons responsible for?

A

Most automatic macOS features, such as detecting network changes and maintaining the Spotlight search metadata index

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6
Q

What is an agent?

A

A daemon that runs on behalf of a specific user

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7
Q

What is the difference between agents and daemons?

A

Agents only run when you’re logged in

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8
Q

What is the primary feature in macOS that keeps processes secure?

A

protected memory

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9
Q

Why does macOS manage memory allocation so that processes aren’t allowed to interfere with one another’s system memory space?

A

So that an ill-behaved or crashed app doesn’t affect other processes

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10
Q

True/False: macOS supports 64-bit mode exclusively

A

True

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11
Q

What is an Intel app?

A

An app that has not yet been updated for a Mac with Apple silicon

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12
Q

What is a universal app?

A

When developers can compile their apps for a universal target: both a Mac with Apple silicon and an Intel-based Mac

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13
Q

What can you use to view the kinds of apps installed on your Mac?

A

System Information

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14
Q

What is Rosetta?

A

A translation process for Mac computers with Apple silicon.

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15
Q

How do you install Rosetta?

A

Whenever macOS detects that the code you’re trying to run hasn’t been updated for Apple silicon, you’re asked to first install Rosetta. Click the install button in the dialog box.

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16
Q

What do app extensions provide the macOS?

A

They provide a standard framework that allows apps from different developers to interact with one another

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17
Q

Where can you view installed app extensions and enable or disable their functionality?

A

From the extensions pane in System Preferences

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18
Q

How do you install new app extensions?

A

When you install an app that provides app extensions, app extensions are installed automatically that are part of the app.

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19
Q

What do Actions extensions do?

A

They enable you to edit or view content in one app, using the features of a second app without leaving the first app. (Marking up PDF docs in Mail, without leaving Mail)

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20
Q

What do Finder Extensions do?

A

They can add file-system functionality thats display in the Finder

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21
Q

What do Photos Editing Extensions do?

A

They can add photo manipulation tools to the Photos app

22
Q

What do Quick Look Extensions do?

A

Enable Quick Look to give you a preview of additional kinds of files

23
Q

What do Share Menu Extensions do?

A

They can add more options to the Share menu so that you can share content from one app with other apps

24
Q

What do Finder Quick Actions and Preview Pane Extensions do?

A

They perform Quick Actions on documents in the Finder and in the Finder’s Preview pane.

25
Q

What features are automatically downloaded in Touch Bar Extensions?

A

No Touch Bar extensions are included with a new installation of macOS Monterey.

26
Q

Where are Shortcuts that have been created for Quick Actions saved?

A

They are automatically saved and enabled as a Finder Quick Action

27
Q

How can app extensions add functionality to the Notification Center?

A

Widgets

28
Q

What is different about the Notification Center with macOS Monterey?

A

It combines your alerts and your widgets

29
Q

In macOS Monterey, what app do you use to examine open apps and processes?

A

Activity Monitor

30
Q

What are the 10 default columns that Activity Monitor looks at?

A
  1. Process Name
  2. % CPU
  3. CPU Time
  4. Threads
  5. Idle Wake-Ups
  6. Kind
  7. % GPU
  8. GPU Time
  9. Process Identification (PID)
  10. User
31
Q

How can Activity Monitor help you identify if a Mac has sufficient physical memory for the task?

A

It uses the Swap Used and Compressed memory statistics to display the historical memory used since the last startup. A low swap value is acceptable, but a high value indicates that a Mac doesn’t have enough real memory to meet the app’s demands.

32
Q

What 8 steps should you take when troubleshooting an app?

A
  1. Restart the app
  2. Restart the computer
  3. Open another known working document
  4. Try another app
  5. Try another user account
  6. Try disconnecting your Mac from the network temporarily if the app is waiting for a response from the internet
  7. Check diagnostic reports and log files
  8. Replace preference files
  9. Delete cache files
33
Q

Which three ways can you forcibly quit an app from the graphical interface?

A
  1. From the Force Quit Applications dialog
  2. From the Dock
  3. From Activity Monitor
34
Q

How do you get to the Force Quit Applications dialog?

A

Choose Apple Menu > Force Quit or press Option-Command-Escapte

35
Q

What does the diagnostic reporting feature in macOS do?

A

Displays a warning dialog that lets you know a problem occurred when an app quits unexpectedly (crashes) or stops functioning (hangs) and you have to force quit it.

36
Q

Where can you configure the Share Mac Analytics?

A

In the Security and Privacy settings in the Privacy pane, under Analytics and Improvements

37
Q

What app can you use to view reports (also called logs or log messages) to solve problems and check on the performance of your Mac and other devices.

A

Console

38
Q

What are the 6 types of reports you can view with Console?

A
  1. Devices
  2. Crash Reports and Spin Reports
  3. Log Reports
  4. Diagnostic Reports
  5. Mac Analytics Data
  6. system.log
39
Q

What do Crash and Spin reports show in Console?

A

More detailed diagnostic messages that are created when processes crash or hang.

40
Q

What do Log Reports show in Console?

A

Reports with information about apps or processes that run.

41
Q

What do Diagnostic Reports show in Console?

A

Reports about hardware resources or system response time.

42
Q

What does Mac Analytic Data show in Console?

A

Short diagnostic messages that show general use and problems

43
Q

What does the system.log tab show in Console?

A

the contents of the legacy /private/var/log/system.log file.

44
Q

What two things do apps primarily access when they are in use?

A
  1. Documents for which the app handles viewing or editing

2. Preference files that contain the app settings

45
Q

Why are preference files so important?

A

They might contain settings that are required for an app to work, like an app serial number or registration information

46
Q

Which file format is often used for presence files?

A

Most app preferences are property lists, which are XML files that have the .plist filename extension.

47
Q

How can you view the content of .plist files?

A

You can view them in Quick Look and you can view and edit them in Xcode

48
Q

Where are non-sandboxed app .plist files stored?

A

~/Library/Preferences or /Library/Preferences

49
Q

Where are sand-boxed app .plist files stored?

A

The Containers or Group Containers folder
~/Library/Containers/bundleID/Data/Library/Preferences
~/Library/Group Containers/bundleID/Library/Preferences

50
Q

What is the background process that maintains the preference architecture that may need to be restarted when trying to resolve corrupted preferences?

A

cfprefsd

macOS Support Essentials 12 (28 decks)

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