Manage Basic Network Settings

Question 1

What are the three basic networking elements?

Answer 1

1. The network interface
2. Network protocols
3. The network service

Question 2

What is a network interface?

Answer 2

What data flows through, that can be physical or virtual.

Question 3

What are the most common physical network interfaces?

Answer 3

Ethernet and 802.11 wireless (Wi-Fi)

Question 4

What is a network protocol?

Answer 4

What defines a set of standard rules used for data representation, signaling, authentication, or error detection across network interfaces.

Question 5

What is network service?

Answer 5

A configuration assigned to a network interface.

Question 6

What is a media access control (MAC) address?

Answer 6

Used to identify a physical network interface on a local network.

Question 7

Typically, how is a MAC address constructed?

Answer 7

A 48-bit number represented by six groups of two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons.

Question 8

What identifies each computer across the internet or a network?

Answer 8

An Internet Protocol (IP) address

Question 9

True/False: You can’t assign multiple IP addresses to each network interface.

Answer 9

False, you can, but this approach is often only used for Mac computers that are providing networking services.

Question 10

What are the two standard IP addresses?

Answer 10

IPv4 and IPv6

Question 11

How are IPv4 addresses constructed?

Answer 11

A 32-bit number represented by four groups of three-digit numbers, also known as octets, separated by periods. Each value is between 0 and 255.

Question 12

Why does a Mac use a subnet mask?

Answer 12

To determine the IPv4 address range of the local network and to determine whether outgoing data is destined for a network device on the LAN.

Question 13

What is another way of writing out the subnet mask?

Answer 13

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation

Question 14

What is the purpose of the router?

Answer 14

To manage connections between separate networks. They route network traffic between the networks they bridge.

Question 15

What does TCP stand for?

Answer 15

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 16

What does TCP do?

Answer 16

Facilitates end-to-end data connectivity between two IP devices.

Question 17

What’s the default protocol that the macOS uses to get an IP address?

Answer 17

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Question 18

What does LAN stand for?

Answer 18

Local Area Network

Question 19

What does WAN stand for?

Answer 19

Wide Area Network

Question 20

On an LAN, after the network interface is established, what must happen next?

Answer 20

You must configure the TCP/IP either manually or with DHCP

Question 21

What makes up the TCP/IP packets?

Answer 21

The originating IP and destination IP addresses along with the data to be sent.

Question 22

Once the network communication has begun over LAN’s, why does the network device apply the subnet mask setting?

Answer 22

To determine whether or not the destination IP address is on the local network.

Question 23

On an LAN, if the destination IP address from the TCP/IP is on a local network, what happens next?

Answer 23

The network device consults its Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table to see whether it knows the MAC address corresponding to the destination IP address.

Question 24

On an LAN, if the destination IP address from the TCP/IP is NOT on a local network, what happens next?

Answer 24

The network device broadcasts an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to the local network asking the destination device to reply with its MAC address and adds the reply to its ARP table for next time.

Question 25

How is data sent over a WAN?

Answer 25

It’s sent through one or more network routers to reach the destination

Question 26

What feature enables you to use one real-world IP address as the external interface for your router, and internally you can use private IP address?

Answer 26

A router with network address translation (NAT)

Question 27

How does IP transfer messages between computers over a wide area network (WAN)?

Answer 27

The network client uses the subnet mask to determine whether th IP address is on the LAN. If not, the client assumes that the destination address is on another network, and it sends the data to the IP address of the local network router. That then sends the data through a WAN connection to another router that it thinks is closer to the destination and repeats until the data reaches its destination.

Question 28

How is Domain Name System (DNS) used to facilitate network naming?

Answer 28

By enabling you to use a name instead of an IP address on TCP/IP networks

Question 29

What is the Domain Name System?

Answer 29

A worldwide network of domain servers that maintain human-friendly hostnames that are used to locate network IP address.

Question 30

What are the 4 series of steps in the DHCP process sure that the two DHCP clients don’t use the same DHCP configuration information (Hint: DORA)

Answer 30

1. Discover (Mac broadcasts a DHCP DISCOVER message on the local subnet to look for DHCP servers)
2. Offer (A DHCP server responds with an offer of configuration)
3. Request (Mac requests the DHCP configuration information for the DHCP server)
4. Acknowledgement (The DHCP server acknowledges that your Mac can use the DHCP configuration information

Question 31

What does a DHCP configuration typically include?

Answer 31

1. An IPv4 address
2. A subnet mask
3. A router that DNS servers use
4. A DHCP lease time that defines how long the client can retain the address before it’s given away.

Question 32

What happens if there is no DHCP reply when the MAC sends out its DISCOVER message?

Answer 32

The Mac generates a random self-assigned address and checks the local network to make sure that no other network device is using that address.

Question 33

What are the two ways to configure your network address and settings?

Answer 33

1. Automatically (Your Mac is assigned an address using DHCP)
2. Manually (Your ISP or network admin gives you an IP address and you enter it in Network preferences)

Question 34

How can you tell if your Mac obtains a valid network configuration from a DHCP server?

Answer 34

It is displayed with a green status indicator in Network preferences

Question 35

What two ways can you join a Wi-Fi network?

Answer 35

1. From the Wi-Fi icon in the top menu bar

2. From the Network preferences pane in System Preferences

Question 36

What is used to identify a Wi-Fi network and associated configuration?

Answer 36

A Service Set Identifier (SSID)

Question 37

Which Wi-Fi authentication protocols are supported by macOS Monterey?

Answer 37

1. Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3)
2. Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2)
3. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
4. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

Question 38

True/False: macOS does not remember Wi-Fi networks it previously joined, by default.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

How can macOS Monterey automatically connect to a Wi-Fi network?

Answer 39

A Mac can automatically connect only to Wi-Fi networks that have no standard authentication mechanism, known as an open network. However, a configured Mac can automatically reconnect to authenticated Wi-Fi networks if the appropriate information is saved to the keychain system.

Question 40

What happens if you join and authenticate to a wireless network that uses WPA/WPA2 Enterprise, WPA2 Enterprise, or WPA3 Enterprise?

Answer 40

You must provide some sort of credentials to authenticate the connection (User name and password is common, but some implementations allow you to provide a digital certificate for a user or computer instead)

Question 41

How can you join hidden Wi-Fi networks?

Answer 41

If you know the network name or SSID by clicking the Wi-Fi status menu, clicking the arrow next to “Other Networks” and choose Other at the bottom of the menu. Then enter all the appropriate information to join the hidden wireless network.