Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 2 > Mammary Gland, Placenta and Fetus > Flashcards

Mammary Gland, Placenta and Fetus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the natural defense mechanisms of the mammary glands?

A
  • mechanical barrier
  • presence of bactericidal compounds on the surface of the teat canal
  • humoral factors in milk
  • cellular factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

  • what does it cause
  • entry
  • effects
A
  • contagious mastitis
  • entry through teat canal
  • healing by fibrosis, with sequel of atrophy of quarters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

  • what does it cause
  • effects
A
  • acute mastitis due to alpha-toxin
  • abscesses, necrosis, gangrene in cattle
  • toxin causes vasoconstriction and ischemia to the udder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mycoplasma bovis

  • what does it cause
  • effects
A
  • mastitis, sudden onset of agalactia
  • involvement of all 4 quarters
  • precipitous drop in milk production
  • severe swelling of udder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does coliform mastitis result in?

A
  • acute and often fatal disease

- potent endotoxin causes vascular damage leading to fluid exudates, hemorrhage, thrombosis, and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is contagious agalactia?

A

disease of goats cause by Mycoplasma agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe simple and complex adenomas

A
  • benign
  • simple: proliferation of well-differentiated luminal epithelial cells
  • complex: mixed proliferation of secretory epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe a fibroadenoma

A
  • benign

- mixture of epithelial and stromal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe a benign mixed tumor

A

proliferation of glandular and mesenchymal elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia?

A
  • benign, non-neoplastic proliferation of mammary ducts and connective tissue
  • occurs in young intact cats, pregnant cats, and older neutered cats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Chorion?

A

layer of the placenta that is in contact with the mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Allantois?

A

layer of the placenta that contains fetal urine and other fluids arising from the membrane itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Amnion?

A

smooth translucent membrane that surrounds the fetus and amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are amniotic plaques?

A

foci of squamous epithelium on the internal surface of the amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Abortion

A

the expulsion of a fetus prior to the time of expected viability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Stillbirth

A

death of the fetus in the last part of gestation, during the period where it is independently viable

17
Q

What is Mummification?

What are some causes?

A
  • the fetus is retained indefinitely, and becomes dehydrated
  • twinning in horses
  • BVDV infection in cattle
  • Canine herpesvirus infection
  • uterine horn torsion in cats
  • Parvoviral infection in sows
18
Q

What is Maceration?

What can it lead to?

A
  • the dead fetus is retained and infected by bacteria

- may lead to pyometra and maternal death from peritonitis and toxemia

19
Q

What is Adventitial Placentation?

A

development of intercotyledonary placentation in cattle as a mechanism of compensation for inadequate development of placentomes

20
Q

Describe a Campylobacter foetus subspecies venerealis infection

A
  • true genital infection, and an important cause of infertility in cattle
  • early embryonic death at 3-4 weeks
  • intercotyledonary placentitis and necrosis of the cotyledons
21
Q

Describe a Tritrichomonas foetus infection

A
  • embryonic death or overt abortion in cattle

- pyometra can be a complication

22
Q

Describe a Brucella abortus infection

A
  • abortions common at 7-9 months in cattle
  • necrotizing placentitis
  • aborted fetuses may show signs of pneumonia
23
Q

Describe a Listeriosis infection

A
  • abortions in last trimester in cattle
  • exudative intercotyledonary placentitis
  • in the fetus, tiny pinpoint yellow foci of necrosis in various organs
24
Q

Describe a Ureaplasma diverum infection

A
  • abortions in the last trimester in cattle

- amnionitis: patchy thickening with fibrosis and multifocal areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and fibrin exudate

25
Q

Describe Neospora caninum infections

A
  • abortions at 5-6 months of gestation in cattle
  • also cause abortions in sheep and goats
  • focal non-suppurative encephalitis
  • brain needed for diagnosis
26
Q

What are the 2 most important viral infections that cause abortion in cattle?

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus

Akabane virus

27
Q

Describe Campylobacter feotus subsp fetus infection

A
  • important cause of abortions in sheep

- intercotyledonary placentitis and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

28
Q

Describe Chlamydophila abortus infection

A
  • ovine enzootic abortion
  • in utero infections in sheep and goats resulting in abortions, still births, or the birth of weak offspring
  • acute suppurative to chronic placentitis
29
Q

Describe Toxoplasma gondii infection

A
  • major role in ovine abortion
  • naive ewes develop protective immunity
  • infection of cotyledon results in abortion
  • lesion: cotyledons are bright to dark red, and have numerous small white nodules
30
Q

Describe Border disease

A
  • sheep infected with virus can have embryonic or fetal death, abortion, mummification, dysmorphogenesis, and birth of weak lambs
31
Q

Describe a Coxiella burnetti infection

A
  • Q fever in goats and sheep, zoonotic
  • abortions late in gestation
  • acute diffuse suppurative placentitis
32
Q

Describe the umbilical cord abnormalities in mares

A
  • longer cords associated with foal strangulation and necrosis of the cervical pole of the placenta
  • shorter cords associated with premature separation of placenta
33
Q

Describe mare reproductive loss syndrome

A
  • the setae of eastern tent caterpillars embed in submucosa of alimentary tract and created microgranulomatous lesions
  • bacteria invades circulatory system
  • infections establish in fetus and placenta
34
Q

What changes can occur in a fetus infected with EHV-1?

A
  • fibrin cast in the trachea
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • focal necrosis in the liver
  • prominent lymphoid follicles in the spleen
35
Q

Which bacteria causes SMEDI?

A

porcine parvovirus

36
Q

What are the two main viruses that cause abortion?

A

Herpesvirus

Pestivirus

Pathology 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions