Alimentary System - Intestines Flashcards
What is the most common segmental anomaly in the intestines of domestic animals?
atresia coli
Define atresia
complete occlusion/obliteration of the intestinal lumen
Define stenosis
incomplete occlusion of the intestinal lumen
What is Lethal White Syndrome?
- congenital colonic aganglionosis
- in America Paint Horse
- absence of myenteric and submucosal parasympathetic ganglia in the wall of the intestines, leading to immotility and colic
What is an enterolith
mineral deposits causing atresia or stenosis
- composed of concentric lamellae of magnesium and ammonium phosphate surrounding a foreign body
What is a trichobezoar?
What is a phytobezoar?
trich - hairball
phyto - plant material
What is an internal hernia?
displacement of intestine through a normal or abnormal foramina within the abdominal cavity
What is an external hernia?
- displacement of loops of intestinte or other viscera outside the abdominal cavity
- displaced contents inside a pouch (peritoneum and skin) which protrudes through hernial ring
What is eventration?
if displaced abdominal contents of a hernia are not covered by peritoneum or skin
What is the difference between torsion and volvulus?
torsion: twisting on longitudinal axis
volvulus: twisting on mesenteric axis
In intussusception, what do you call the part that invaginates, and the part that receives?
one that receives: intussuscipiens
one that invaginates: intussusceptum
What happens in transmissible gastro-enteritis in piglets?
severe villous atrophy and fusion
What is caused by Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
What is the agent?
- fibro-necrotizing vasculitis
- herpesvirus
What is caused by enteric coronaviral infections?
- neonatal diarrhea in calves
- transmissible gastro-enteritis in piglets
What is caused by enteric rotaviral infections?
- diarrhea in young animals
- damage to surface enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy
- subclinical infections in piglets
What is caused by parvoviral enteritis?
- necro-hemorrhagic enteritis
- targets stem cells at the bottom of the intestinal crypts
What is Edema Disease?
- E. coli (enterotoxemic bacillosis)
- endotoxin causes endothelial cell injury in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema
Describe Clostridial enterotoxemia
- Clostridium perfringens
- animals found dead or exhibit bloody diarrhea
- type D produces toxin causing intestinal lesions and encephalomalacia in sheep
Describe Tyzzer’s Disease
- Clostridium pilliforme
- targets liver, but lesions occur in intestines and heart
Describe the lesions of Salmonellosis
- ulcerative and fibrino-necrotizing enterocolitis
- intestinal contents malodorous and contain mucus, fibrin, and blood
What does Lawsonia intracellularis cause?
Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy
What does Brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause?
Swine Dysentery
- large bowel diarrhea with mucous and blood
What is caused by Rhodococcus equi?
- enterocolitis in young horses
- associated with suppurative pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals
What causes Johne’s disease?
What are the signs/lesions?
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
- diarrhea, emaciation, hypoproteinemia
- granulomatous enteritis
What causes “Milk Spotted Liver”?
ascaris suum
What is the most common neoplasm in the cat?
lymphosarcoma
