Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What gene is responsible for female differentiation?
Which are responsible for male?
- DAX1 promotes ovarian differentiation and development
- SRY gene coding for TDF which up-regulates Sox9 expression: testicular differentiation
What is Intersex?
means ambiguous genitalia are present
- does not indicate nature or etiology of the abnormality
What is a Chimera?
individual composed of two or more cell populations, each arising from different individuals
What is a Mosaic?
individual composed of two or more cell populations, but the cells originate within the same individual
What is a Free Martin?
Describe the pathogenesis and effects
- genetic female born with a male twin
- vascular anastomoses between placentas allow male hormones and cells to cross and suppress female development
- martin has small ovaries, blind-ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris, and seminal vesicles
What is a true hermaphrodite?
What is lateral, bilateral, and unilateral?
- ovary and testis present in same individual
- lateral: testis on one side, ovary on the other
- bilateral: ovotestes on both sides
- unilateral: ovotestes on one side, ovary or testis on the other
What is sex reversal?
animal in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal sex
What is pseudohermaphroditism?
chromosomal and gonadal sex match, but the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous
What is the common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism?
iatrogenic administration of androgens or progestagens during gestation
What is the cause of male pseudohermaphroditism?
failure of mullerian duct regression
What is the cause of a Cystic Graafian follicle?
What happens if it persists?
occur as a result of insufficient release of lutenizing hormone
- if persist, changes associated with prolonged estrogen stimulation
What are Dysgerminomas?
- tumors of primordial germ cells of the embryonic gonad
- all considered malignant
What are Teratomas?
uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least 2 of the 3 germ cell layers
What are Call-Exner bodies?
- rosettes of granulosa cells surrounding pink proteinacious fluid
- diagnostic of granulosa cell tumors
What is hydrosalpinx?
the uterine tube is distended and full of clear, watery mucus
- usually secondary to obstruction