Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What gene is responsible for female differentiation?

Which are responsible for male?

A
  • DAX1 promotes ovarian differentiation and development

- SRY gene coding for TDF which up-regulates Sox9 expression: testicular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Intersex?

A

means ambiguous genitalia are present

- does not indicate nature or etiology of the abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Chimera?

A

individual composed of two or more cell populations, each arising from different individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Mosaic?

A

individual composed of two or more cell populations, but the cells originate within the same individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Free Martin?

Describe the pathogenesis and effects

A
  • genetic female born with a male twin
  • vascular anastomoses between placentas allow male hormones and cells to cross and suppress female development
  • martin has small ovaries, blind-ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris, and seminal vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a true hermaphrodite?

What is lateral, bilateral, and unilateral?

A
  • ovary and testis present in same individual
  • lateral: testis on one side, ovary on the other
  • bilateral: ovotestes on both sides
  • unilateral: ovotestes on one side, ovary or testis on the other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sex reversal?

A

animal in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pseudohermaphroditism?

A

chromosomal and gonadal sex match, but the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism?

A

iatrogenic administration of androgens or progestagens during gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cause of male pseudohermaphroditism?

A

failure of mullerian duct regression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cause of a Cystic Graafian follicle?

What happens if it persists?

A

occur as a result of insufficient release of lutenizing hormone
- if persist, changes associated with prolonged estrogen stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Dysgerminomas?

A
  • tumors of primordial germ cells of the embryonic gonad

- all considered malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Teratomas?

A

uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least 2 of the 3 germ cell layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Call-Exner bodies?

A
  • rosettes of granulosa cells surrounding pink proteinacious fluid
  • diagnostic of granulosa cell tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hydrosalpinx?

A

the uterine tube is distended and full of clear, watery mucus
- usually secondary to obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pyosalpinx?

A

accumulation of pus in the uterine tube following obstruction of the lumen

17
Q

What are Cystic Gartner’s ducts?

A

vestigial remnants of Wolffian ducts

18
Q

What are some causes of vulval tumefaction?

What can it lead to?

A
  • physiological response to estrogens
  • also due to persistent hyperestrogenism
  • in sows, can be due to estrogenic effect of zearalenone in moldy grains
  • may lead to vaginal prolapse
19
Q

Describe granular vaginitis

A

nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated with lymphoid proliferation in cattle

20
Q

What is Infectious Pustular Vulvoaginitis?

A
  • disease of cattle caused by BHV-1

- venerealy transmitted and causes epithelial necrosis

21
Q

What is adenomyosis?

A

presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

22
Q

What is endometriosis?

A
  • ectopic endometrial glands

- actively growing endometrial tissues explanted to aberrant sites

23
Q

Define endometritis

A

inflammation of endometrium only (inner lining)

24
Q

Define metritis

A

inflammation of all layers of the uterine wall

25
Q

Define perimetritis

A

inflammation extending to tissues surrounding the uterus

26
Q

What is Contagious Equine Metritis?

  • clinical manifestations
  • in stallions
A
  • venereal disease of mares caused by Taylorella equigenitalis
  • manifested by temporary infertility and mild to moderate inflammation of the endometrium
  • stallions transmit disease but do not develop clinical signs
  • reportable
27
Q

What is segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts?

In what animal is it commonly found?

A
  • failure of segments of the uterine horn to develop

- commonly found in white shorthorn cattle

28
Q

What is the result of imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

double vagina
double cervix
uterus didelphys

29
Q

What is the result of failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus?

A
  • persistence of tissue band running across the vagina, just cranial to the opening of the urethra
  • imperforate hymen
30
Q

What are hydatids of Morgagni?

A

paraovarian cysts in mares

31
Q

What is the most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares?

A

granulosa cell tumor

32
Q

What are the extragential lesions associated with pyometra?

A
  • bone marrow depression and anemia
  • marked EMH in spleen and liver
  • marked leukocytosis
  • immune complex glomerulonephritis