Alimentary System - Oral, Stomach Flashcards
What is palatoschisis?
What is the problem?
- cleft palate
- central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves, resulting in communication between oral and nasal cavity
- cannot create enough negative pressure, so cannot eat, and may result in aspiration pneumonia
What are the causes of palatoschisis and cheiloshisis?
- often genetic disorder
- toxins (Veratrum californicum) or maternal drug exposure during pregnancy
What are Malocclussions?
- failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly
- results in difficulties with prehension and mastication
What is brachygnathia?
What is prognathia?
brachygnathia - short lower jaw
prognathia - protrusion of lower jaw
What causes periodontal disease?
- resident bacterial films and the acids and enzymes they produce
- leads to enamel, gingival, and periodontal ligament damage
- resorption of alveolar bone
What is dental attrition?
loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
What causes enamel hypoplasia?
- canine distemper virus
- intrauterine infection by BVDV
What is Thrush?
- thickening of upper layer of the tongue (hyperkeratosis)
- caused by Candida spp.
What is uremic glossitis?
- caused by renal failure
- increased levels of urea go to the oral cavity where the local bacteria use it to make caustic products
Define vesicle
a raised lesion filled with clear fluid, located within the epithelium or between the epithelium and lamina propria
Describe the pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides
viral-induce epithelial damage > intracellular edema in keratocytes > vesicles > bulla > rupture leads to erosion and ulceration
Describe the pathogenesis of foot and mouth disease
viral ingestion/inhalation > pharynx > viremia > oral mucosa and epidermal sites > lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury
What is Epulis?
a generic term for tumor-like masses on the gingiva
Describe pyogenic granuloma
a bright red or blue mass on the gums of dogs
granulation tissue
Describe canine oral papillomatosis
- papovavirus induced papilliform or cauliflower-type lesions in the lips and oral mucosa
- transmissible, usually affects animals under 1 year
- regress spontaneously
- immunity is long lasting
What is the most common oral malignancy in dogs?
In cats?
dogs: oral melanoma
cats: squamous cell carcinoma
What can be the cause of acquired megaesophagus?
can be idiopathic or a manifestation of myasthenia gravis
What is choke?
esophageal obstruction
Describe the result of a Spirocerca lupi infection
- results in chronic, granulomatous esophagitis which occasionally leads to formation of a sarcomatous lesion
What does Gongylonema pulchrum cause?
forms blood filled tracks and small hematoma in the esophageal mucosa
What causes primary ruminal tympany/bloat?
associated with new diets that promote the formation of stable foam
What causes secondary ruminal tympany/bloat?
caused by physical or functional obstruction of the esophagus, resulting in failure to erucate
What is chemical rumenitis?
lactic acidosis from excess carbohydrates/grain overload
What are stellate ulcers?
healed ulcers in the rumen mucosa
What are the signs of gastric dilation-volvulus?
abdominal distension, non-productive retching, hyersalivation, and restlessness
Which side abomasal displacement is most common?
left-sided
- generally non-fatal
What does Clostridium septicum cause?
- Braxy in sheep
- abomasitis, necro-hemorrhage with submucosal emphysema
What is a cause of mycotic gastritis/abomasitis?
long-term antibiotic therapy which destroys resident bacteria flora and promotes growth of angio-invasive fungi
What does Gasterophilus nasalis/intestinalis cause?
erosive-ulcerative lesions in the stomach of the horse
What does Ostertagia species cause?
proliferative abomasitis in sheep and goats
“Moroccan leather” appearance
What virus causes Vesicular Exanthema of Swine?
calicivirus
What virus causes Swine Vesicular Disease?
enterovirus
What virus causes Bovine Papular stomatitis?
parapoxvirus
What does Draschia megastoma cause?
- granulomatous gastritis in the horse
- brood pouch close to the Margo plicatus
