Alimentary System - Oral, Stomach Flashcards
What is palatoschisis?
What is the problem?
- cleft palate
- central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves, resulting in communication between oral and nasal cavity
- cannot create enough negative pressure, so cannot eat, and may result in aspiration pneumonia
What are the causes of palatoschisis and cheiloshisis?
- often genetic disorder
- toxins (Veratrum californicum) or maternal drug exposure during pregnancy
What are Malocclussions?
- failure of the upper and lower incisors to interdigitate properly
- results in difficulties with prehension and mastication
What is brachygnathia?
What is prognathia?
brachygnathia - short lower jaw
prognathia - protrusion of lower jaw
What causes periodontal disease?
- resident bacterial films and the acids and enzymes they produce
- leads to enamel, gingival, and periodontal ligament damage
- resorption of alveolar bone
What is dental attrition?
loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
What causes enamel hypoplasia?
- canine distemper virus
- intrauterine infection by BVDV
What is Thrush?
- thickening of upper layer of the tongue (hyperkeratosis)
- caused by Candida spp.
What is uremic glossitis?
- caused by renal failure
- increased levels of urea go to the oral cavity where the local bacteria use it to make caustic products
Define vesicle
a raised lesion filled with clear fluid, located within the epithelium or between the epithelium and lamina propria
Describe the pathogenesis of viral vesicular stomatitides
viral-induce epithelial damage > intracellular edema in keratocytes > vesicles > bulla > rupture leads to erosion and ulceration
Describe the pathogenesis of foot and mouth disease
viral ingestion/inhalation > pharynx > viremia > oral mucosa and epidermal sites > lesions develop in areas subjected to mechanical injury
What is Epulis?
a generic term for tumor-like masses on the gingiva
Describe pyogenic granuloma
a bright red or blue mass on the gums of dogs
granulation tissue
Describe canine oral papillomatosis
- papovavirus induced papilliform or cauliflower-type lesions in the lips and oral mucosa
- transmissible, usually affects animals under 1 year
- regress spontaneously
- immunity is long lasting
What is the most common oral malignancy in dogs?
In cats?
dogs: oral melanoma
cats: squamous cell carcinoma
What can be the cause of acquired megaesophagus?
can be idiopathic or a manifestation of myasthenia gravis
What is choke?
esophageal obstruction
Describe the result of a Spirocerca lupi infection
- results in chronic, granulomatous esophagitis which occasionally leads to formation of a sarcomatous lesion
What does Gongylonema pulchrum cause?
forms blood filled tracks and small hematoma in the esophageal mucosa
What causes primary ruminal tympany/bloat?
associated with new diets that promote the formation of stable foam
What causes secondary ruminal tympany/bloat?
caused by physical or functional obstruction of the esophagus, resulting in failure to erucate
What is chemical rumenitis?
lactic acidosis from excess carbohydrates/grain overload
What are stellate ulcers?
healed ulcers in the rumen mucosa
