Malignant Non Od. Epi Tumor

Question 1

4 Factors for cancer development

Answer 1

1- Essential factors:

1. Oncogenic viruses HPV, HIV, EBV, HSV-2.
2. Chemical carcinogens products of industrial process and products added to foods. 3. Irradiation-ionizing (as x-ray, radiotherapy) & ultraviolet radiation (solar radiation).

II-Co-factors:

Age.

Sex.

Race.

Geography.

Hormones.

Chronic mechanical irritation (sharp broken teeth & prosthetic clasp). Chronic diseases (candidiasis, syphilis, lichen planus).

III- Immunological factors:

Increased risk for cancer development with lowered Immunity.

IV- Hereditary factors:

Some families have high incidence of certain types of cancer.

Question 2

Stats about sq.c.c

Answer 2

Malignant tumor originating from keratinocyte cells.

Epidemiology of sq.c.c o Oral cancer account for about 3% of all cancers.

Common od Tumer

The most common oral cancer (90%). o The most common cancer in India.

• Aue to blastoma

Whites> blacks.

In whites after 25 years old while in blacks in middle age.

Sex-males: females (3:1),

6th most common cancer in males & 12th most common cancer in females.

Question 3

What’s the source of central sq.c.c

Answer 3

Central

Tumors arise within jaws as in maxillary sinus

from its epithelial lining.

Question 4

Sites of peripheral sq.c.c

Answer 4

Peripheral

Tumors arise in soft tissues.

Any area of oral cavity may be affected but

The most common sites are: Lateral side of posterior 3 of tongue.

2. Floor of mouth.
3. Soft palate.. 4. Anterior 3 of tongue.
   (5) Lower lip > upper lip (upper more dangerous).

Question 5

Diagnostic aid of sq.c.c

Answer 5

Toluidine blue stain is used to disclose the dysplastic changes in suspicious cases.

Question 6

Socioeconomics effect on diagnosis of sq.c.c

Answer 6

4-8 months in high socioeconomics.

o 8-24 months in low socioeconomics.

Question 7

Metastasis of sq.c.c percent and type

Answer 7

21% of patients present at diagnosis with metastasis. o Local (lymphatic) spread to the regional lymph nodes.

o Distant (blood) spread → occur late and many patients die before

distant metastasis.

Question 8

Clinical shapes of sq.c.c

Answer 8

o Shape may be:

1. White patch (leukoplakia). 2. Red patch (erythroplakia).
2. Speckled leukoplakia.

4.

Exophytic growth which is hard and

indurated.

5. Endophytic growth (ulcer).

Question 9

Mod diff sq c c

Answer 9

No keratin pearls
Cells nest exist
Mod signes of malignancy 
Plasma cell and lymphocytes
Pleomorphism hyperchromatism
Abnormal mitosis

Question 10

How does sq.c.c. invade into ct

Answer 10

Enzyme neoplastic cells produce to disintegrate BM

Question 11

Poorly differentiated sq.c.c

Answer 11

-embryonic anablastic cell that aren’t similar to prickle cells
Signes of malignancy are severe
No nests of keratin