Male Reproductive System - Exam 4

Question 1

What is the primary sex organ?

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

What do the gonads produce?

Answer 2

gametes (sperm, eggs)

sex hormones

Question 3

What are the accessory reproductive organs?

Answer 3

ducts
glands
external genitalia

Question 4

What is the scrotum?

Answer 4

sac of skin that hands outside of the abdominal cavity containing testes

Question 5

What is the scrotum functionally involved in?

Answer 5

protection

acts as a climate control system for testes

Question 6

The movement of the scrotum is driven by which two muscles?

Answer 6

• dartos muscle

- cremaster muscles

Question 7

What is the dartos muscle responsible for?

Answer 7

smooth muscle that wrinkles up when cold to keep the testes at a constant temperature

Question 8

What is the cremaster muscle responsible for?

Answer 8

surrounding the testes and spermatic cord, which suspends the testes

Question 9

What are the two things that supply blood to the testes?

Answer 9

testicular arteries

testicular veins

Question 10

What is the technical name for testicular veins?

Answer 10

pampiniform plexus

Question 11

How does the pampiniform plexus aid in temperature regulation?

Answer 11

cools blood in adjacent arteries

Question 12

Explain the anatomy of the testes

Answer 12

testes separated into 250 segments containing 1-4 seminiferous tubules

Question 13

What is the function of the seminiferous tubulues?

Answer 13

sperm production

produce testicular fluid to aid in production

Question 14

What are the seminiferous tubules surrounded by?

Answer 14

3-5 layers of smooth muscle-like cells

Question 15

What cells in the testes produce and secrete androgens?

Answer 15

interstitial cells

Question 16

When do sperm mature?

Answer 16

mature as they travel along the duct of the epididymis

Question 17

How long does sperm maturation take?

Answer 17

20 days

Question 18

Where can sperm be stored and how long?

Answer 18

stored in epididymis for several months

Question 19

How is sperm propelled and where is it propelled during ejaculation?

Answer 19

smooth muscle within duct constricts, propelling sperm into vas deferens

Question 20

What does the vas deferens contain that also propels sperm during ejaculation?

Answer 20

thick smooth muscle layer

Question 21

What happens during a vasectomy?

Answer 21

vas deferens are split

Question 22

Describe the inner-workings of the male reproductive duct system

Answer 22

loops over pubic bone
joins with duct of seminal gland
connects to prostatic urethra through ejaculatory duct

Question 23

Semen

Answer 23

milky, white somewhat sticky mixture of all substances secreted by testes and glands

Question 24

How much sperm does semen contain?

Answer 24

40-750 million

Question 25

What does the seminal gland secrete?

Answer 25

seminal fluid

Question 26

Seminal fluid accounts for 70% of what?

Answer 26

the contents of semen

Question 27

Describe seminal fluid

Answer 27

secretes a yellowish alkaline fluid that has stuff that - enhances sperm motility - provide energy for sperm - coagulates semen in vagina - suppresses female immune system

Question 28

What does the prostate encircle?

Answer 28

prostatic urethra

Question 29

What does the prostate secrete?

Answer 29

milky, slightly acidic fluid that activates sperm, liquefies coagulated semen, and stabilizes DNA in sperm

Question 30

What does the bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 30

thick, clear mucus into spongy urethra for lubrication during ejaculation

Question 31

The mucus secreted by the bulbourethral glands does what to urine in the urethra?

Answer 31

neutralizes it

Question 32

An erection is caused by blood flow into what?

Answer 32

corpus cavernosa | spongiosum

Question 33

What happens to the surrounding arterioles during arousal?

Answer 33

they dilate

Question 34

An erection is initiated by?

Answer 34

mental and sensory stimulation, relaxation of corpus cavernosa which allows for blood flow in

Question 35

What sustains an erection?

Answer 35

tunica albuguinea traps blood in corpus cavernosa

Question 36

When a climax is reached, a sympathetic nervous system signal initiates what?

Answer 36

- constriction of sphincter in bladder - contraction of smooth muscle in accessory glands and ducts - rapid series of contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles

Question 37

The male orgasm is followed by?

Answer 37

resolution (relaxation) then a refractory period (unable to reach another orgasm)

Question 38

When does spermatogenesis start?

Answer 38

14 years old

Question 39

Spermatogenesis produces how much sperm per day?

Answer 39

400 million

Question 40

Sperm formation occurs through what?

Answer 40

meiosis