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Anatomy & Physiology II > Male Reproductive System - Exam 4 > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System - Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary sex organ?

A

gonads

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2
Q

What do the gonads produce?

A

gametes (sperm, eggs)

sex hormones

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3
Q

What are the accessory reproductive organs?

A

ducts
glands
external genitalia

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4
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

sac of skin that hands outside of the abdominal cavity containing testes

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5
Q

What is the scrotum functionally involved in?

A

protection

acts as a climate control system for testes

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6
Q

The movement of the scrotum is driven by which two muscles?

A
  • dartos muscle

- cremaster muscles

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7
Q

What is the dartos muscle responsible for?

A

smooth muscle that wrinkles up when cold to keep the testes at a constant temperature

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8
Q

What is the cremaster muscle responsible for?

A

surrounding the testes and spermatic cord, which suspends the testes

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9
Q

What are the two things that supply blood to the testes?

A

testicular arteries

testicular veins

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10
Q

What is the technical name for testicular veins?

A

pampiniform plexus

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11
Q

How does the pampiniform plexus aid in temperature regulation?

A

cools blood in adjacent arteries

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12
Q

Explain the anatomy of the testes

A

testes separated into 250 segments containing 1-4 seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

What is the function of the seminiferous tubulues?

A

sperm production

produce testicular fluid to aid in production

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14
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules surrounded by?

A

3-5 layers of smooth muscle-like cells

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15
Q

What cells in the testes produce and secrete androgens?

A

interstitial cells

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16
Q

When do sperm mature?

A

mature as they travel along the duct of the epididymis

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17
Q

How long does sperm maturation take?

A

20 days

18
Q

Where can sperm be stored and how long?

A

stored in epididymis for several months

19
Q

How is sperm propelled and where is it propelled during ejaculation?

A

smooth muscle within duct constricts, propelling sperm into vas deferens

20
Q

What does the vas deferens contain that also propels sperm during ejaculation?

A

thick smooth muscle layer

21
Q

What happens during a vasectomy?

A

vas deferens are split

22
Q

Describe the inner-workings of the male reproductive duct system

A

loops over pubic bone
joins with duct of seminal gland
connects to prostatic urethra through ejaculatory duct

23
Q

Semen

A

milky, white somewhat sticky mixture of all substances secreted by testes and glands

24
Q

How much sperm does semen contain?

A

40-750 million

25
Q

What does the seminal gland secrete?

A

seminal fluid

26
Q

Seminal fluid accounts for 70% of what?

A

the contents of semen

27
Q

Describe seminal fluid

A

secretes a yellowish alkaline fluid that has stuff that

  • enhances sperm motility
  • provide energy for sperm
  • coagulates semen in vagina
  • suppresses female immune system
28
Q

What does the prostate encircle?

A

prostatic urethra

29
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

milky, slightly acidic fluid that activates sperm, liquefies coagulated semen, and stabilizes DNA in sperm

30
Q

What does the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

thick, clear mucus into spongy urethra for lubrication during ejaculation

31
Q

The mucus secreted by the bulbourethral glands does what to urine in the urethra?

A

neutralizes it

32
Q

An erection is caused by blood flow into what?

A

corpus cavernosa

spongiosum

33
Q

What happens to the surrounding arterioles during arousal?

A

they dilate

34
Q

An erection is initiated by?

A

mental and sensory stimulation, relaxation of corpus cavernosa which allows for blood flow in

35
Q

What sustains an erection?

A

tunica albuguinea traps blood in corpus cavernosa

36
Q

When a climax is reached, a sympathetic nervous system signal initiates what?

A
  • constriction of sphincter in bladder
  • contraction of smooth muscle in accessory glands and ducts
  • rapid series of contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles
37
Q

The male orgasm is followed by?

A

resolution (relaxation) then a refractory period (unable to reach another orgasm)

38
Q

When does spermatogenesis start?

A

14 years old

39
Q

Spermatogenesis produces how much sperm per day?

A

400 million

40
Q

Sperm formation occurs through what?

A

meiosis

Anatomy & Physiology II (15 decks)

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