male reproductive system - disease and disorder NOT built from word parts Flashcards
prostate cancer
the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer death among men in the US.
7 diagnostic and staging procedures
- digital rectal examination (DRE)
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
- Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
- transrectal ultrasonically guided biopsy
- MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
- MRI with endorectal surface coil (used for staging not diagnosis)
- Multiparametric MRI (used for staging not diagnosis)
DRE
digital rectal examination
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
5 options for prostate cancer treatment
- radical prostatectomy (RP)
- radiation therapy
- bilateral orchiectomy or hormonal therapy
- chemotherapy
- active surveillance
radical prostatectomy (RP)
may be performed by retropubic or perineal routes, laparoscopically, or with the use of robotic-assisted devices
radiation therapy
may be performed with an external beam or with radioactive seeds (brachytherapy)
bilateral orchiectomy
to reduce the production of testosterone
hormonal therapy
to reduce the production of testosterone
chemotherapy
treating cancer with drugs
active surveillance
with the intent to pursue active therapy if disease progresses
erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (impotence)
hydrocele
fluid-filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
phimosis
a tightening of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanies by pain and tenderness
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged and older
spermatocele
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15-35 years of age
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain. Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is considered a surgical emergency
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
