CIL& blood - anatomy

Question 1

heart

Answer 1

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone)& between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulated blood throughout the body. The heart consists of two smaller upper chamber, the right atrium and the left atrium, and two larger chambers, the right ventricle and the left ventricle. The right atrium receives blood returning form the body through the veins and contracts to fill the right ventricle, which then pumps blood to the lungs. The left atrium receives blood from the heart through the arteries to body tissues. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.

Question 2

atrioventricular valves

Answer 2

consists of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and the right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle, respectively. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.

Question 3

semilunar valves

Answer 3

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively.

Question 4

pericardium

Answer 4

two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer. The internal serous layer is then divided into two parts: the outer layer, called the parietal pericardium, and the inner layer, called the epicardium. Between these is the pericardial space, which contains fluid produced by the serous layer that facilitates movement of the heart.

Question 5

epicardium

Answer 5

outer lining covering the heart; also part of the pericardium.

Question 6

myocardium

Answer 6

middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart

Question 7

endocardium

Answer 7

inner lining of the heart

Question 8

blood vessels

Answer 8

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

Question 9

arteries

Answer 9

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells. The pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs.

Question 10

arterioles

Answer 10

smallest arteries

Question 11

aorta

Answer 11

largest artery in the body, which originates at the left ventricle, briefly ascends as the arch of the aorta, then descends through the thorax and abdomen.

Question 12

veins

Answer 12

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing CO2 and other waste products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 13

venules

Answer 13

smallest veins

Question 14

venae cavae

Answer 14

largest veins in the body. The inferior venae cavae carries blood to the heart from body parts below the diaphragm, and the superior venae cavae returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body.

Question 15

capillaries

Answer 15

miscoscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venues. Materials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls.

Question 16

activities of the blood include:

Answer 16

transportation of nutrients, waste, oxygen, CO2, and hormones; protection of the body against microorganisms; and regulation by controlling body temp and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 17

5 types of leukocytes

Answer 17

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte

Question 18

4 roles of leukocytes:

Answer 18

provide immune responses to pathogens, foreign agents, allergies, and abnormal body cells.

Question 19

blood

Answer 19

fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 20

plasma

Answer 20

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water. The other 10% is composed of solutes (dissolved substances), which include proteins, electrolytes, and vitamins. Plasma comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume

Question 21

serum

Answer 21

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

Question 22

erythrocytes

Answer 22

red blood cells that carry oxygens. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.

Question 23

leukocytes

Answer 23

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.

Question 24

thrombocytes

Answer 24

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process (also called platelets)

Question 25

3 function of lymphatic system

Answer 25

return excessive tissue fluid to the blood, absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins form the small intestine and transport them to the blood, and provide defense against infection and other diseases.