CIL& blood - disease & disorder terms not built from word parts Flashcards
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Rapid assessment is necessary to determine the diagnosis and treatment and to minimize heart damage.
aneurysm
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
angina pectoris
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
arrhythmia
any disturbance to abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern
atrial fibrillation (AFib)
cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing an irregular ventricular response. Not all of the blood is ejected with each contraction, and the remaining blood flow becomes turbulent. This increases the risk of clot formation. Two types of AFib are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation, which is sustained.
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
cardiac tamponade
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity.
coarctation of the aorta
congenital stenosis which occurs in the arch of the aorta
congenital heart disease
heart abnormality present at birth
coronary artery disease (CAD)
condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrient to function normally; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis. CAD is a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
cor pulmonale
enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus (clot) in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot, or part of a clot, can break off and travel to the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism.
heart failure (HF)
condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (aka congestive heart failure)
hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure; it may be associated with hypertrophy (abnormal thickening of the heart muscle) or dilation of the chambers of the heart (due to thinning and stretching of the heart muscle)
intermittent claudication
condition of pain, tension and weakness in a limb that starts when walking is begun, increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest. It is caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with peripheral artery disease.
mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever.
myocardial infarction (MI)
death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (aka heart attack)
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery. This is caused most commonly by atherosclerosis, but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or thrombus formation. The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease is intermittent claudication. (aka peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever.
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities.
anemia
condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes. Anemia may be caused by blood loss, by decreased production of RBCs, or by increased destruction of RBCs.
embolus
blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.
hemophilia
inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
leukemia
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.
sepsis
systemic inflammatory response caused by pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, entering the bloodstream and multiplying; life-threatening condition, which may lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. The overwhelming presence of pathogens in the blood is called septicemia.
Hodgkin disease
malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes
infectious mononucleosis
acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young people and is often transmitted by saliva.