CIL& blood - disease & disorder terms not built from word parts

Question 1

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Answer 1

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Rapid assessment is necessary to determine the diagnosis and treatment and to minimize heart damage.

Question 2

aneurysm

Answer 2

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

Question 3

angina pectoris

Answer 3

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

Question 4

arrhythmia

Answer 4

any disturbance to abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

Question 5

atrial fibrillation (AFib)

Answer 5

cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing an irregular ventricular response. Not all of the blood is ejected with each contraction, and the remaining blood flow becomes turbulent. This increases the risk of clot formation. Two types of AFib are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation, which is sustained.

Question 6

cardiac arrest

Answer 6

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Question 7

cardiac tamponade

Answer 7

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity.

Question 8

coarctation of the aorta

Answer 8

congenital stenosis which occurs in the arch of the aorta

Question 9

congenital heart disease

Answer 9

heart abnormality present at birth

Question 10

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 10

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrient to function normally; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis. CAD is a common cause of heart failure and myocardial infarction.

Question 11

cor pulmonale

Answer 11

enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

Question 12

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 12

condition of thrombus (clot) in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot, or part of a clot, can break off and travel to the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism.

Question 13

heart failure (HF)

Answer 13

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (aka congestive heart failure)

Question 14

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

Answer 14

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure; it may be associated with hypertrophy (abnormal thickening of the heart muscle) or dilation of the chambers of the heart (due to thinning and stretching of the heart muscle)

Question 15

intermittent claudication

Answer 15

condition of pain, tension and weakness in a limb that starts when walking is begun, increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest. It is caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with peripheral artery disease.

Question 16

mitral valve stenosis

Answer 16

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever.

Question 17

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 17

death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (aka heart attack)

Question 18

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Answer 18

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery. This is caused most commonly by atherosclerosis, but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or thrombus formation. The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease is intermittent claudication. (aka peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Question 19

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 19

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever.

Question 20

varicose veins

Answer 20

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities.

Question 21

anemia

Answer 21

condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes. Anemia may be caused by blood loss, by decreased production of RBCs, or by increased destruction of RBCs.

Question 22

embolus

Answer 22

blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.

Question 23

hemophilia

Answer 23

inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

Question 24

leukemia

Answer 24

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow.

Question 25

sepsis

Answer 25

systemic inflammatory response caused by pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, entering the bloodstream and multiplying; life-threatening condition, which may lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. The overwhelming presence of pathogens in the blood is called septicemia.

Question 26

Hodgkin disease

Answer 26

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes

Question 27

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 27

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young people and is often transmitted by saliva.