Male Reproductive Pharmacology Flashcards
testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone by _______ and to estradiol by _______
5alpha-reductase; aromatase
cypionate: mechanism of action
testosterone ester: more lipophilic than testosterone, hydrolyzes in vivo
stanozolol: mechanism of action, unique side effects
mechanism: 17-alpha alkylated testosterone, slower hepatic catabolism than testosterone
side effects: hepatotoxicity, decrease HDL
what treatment regimen should be given to boys who have hypogonadism and are short?
treat with GH before their hypogonadism is treated with testosterone (testosterone may cause premature closure of epiphyseal plates)
side effects of anabolic steroid abuse
all androgens suppress gonadotropin (LH) secretion when taken in high doses and thereby suppress endogenous testicular function –> gonadal atrophy, diminished fertility
leuprolide: mechanism of action, uses, toxicity
mechanism: GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion; antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion (downregulates GnRH receptor in pituitary –> decreased FSH/LH)
uses: infertility (pulsatile), prostate cancer (continuous), uterine fibroids (continuous), precocious puberty (continuous)
toxicity: antiandrogen, N/V
flutamide: mechanism of action, use
mechanism: androgen antagonist, nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptors
use: prostate carcinoma
finasteride: mechanism of action, use
mechanism: 5alpha-reductase inhibitor
use: BPH, male pattern baldness
drug class to treat erectile dysfunction, mechanism of action, side effects
PDE-5 inhibitors
mechanism of action: increases cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum, increased blood flow
side effects: “Hot and sweaty, but Headaches, Heartburn, Hypotension” = headache, flushing, dyspepsia (indigestion), cyanopsia (blue-tinted vision), risk of life-threatening hypotension is patients taking nitrates
