Female Pathology, Cervix Vulva Vagina Flashcards
internal os of the cervix is lined with _____ epithelium and the external os is lined with ____ epithelium
columnar; squamous
pap smears are best at visualizing what type of cells?
squamous (not glandular)
risk factors for cervical neoplasia
- early age at first intercourse
- multiple sexual partners
- smoking
- HIV
- persistent infection by high-risk strains of HPV
what are the low-risk HPV strains and what do they cause? what are the high-risk HPV strains and what do they cause?
low-risk: 6, 11 –> condyloma
high-risk: 16, 18 –> cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
histology of HPV infection
koilocytes (binucleate cells with halo)
what is p16 a histological marker for? what is another marker for this?
HPV; Ki-67
invasive carcinoma of the cervix is most commonly of what kind of cell?
squamous cell carcinoma
what are the components of cervical cancer screening?
cytology (“Pap Smear”) +/- high-risk HPV testing –> colposcopy for screen-positive women
at what age should males and females get HPV vaccines?
11-12
dx: shiny (thin epidermis), painful, pruritic disease of the vulva
lichen sclerosus
dx: leukoplakia on vulva secondary to chronic inflammation
lichen simplex chronicus
lichen ____ = epithelial thickening, secondary to chronic irritation, can appear as _____,
lichen ____ = thin epidermis, shiny, painful, pruritic
lichen ____ has small risk to develop into ____ carcinoma
simplex chronicus; leukoplakia; sclerosus; sclerosus; squamous cell
vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade (VIN-__ and VIN-__) are associated with HPV subtypes _____, histology shows _____, and it can progress to _____
2; 3; 16 and 18; full thickness dysplasia; invasive squamous cell carcinoma
dx: red, scaly plaques on vulva, histology shows large pale cells in the epidermis, positive with mucin stain or low molecular cytokeratin
extramammary Paget’s disease
vaginal cancer associated with DES exposure
clear cell carcinoma
