Male reproductive disorder Flashcards
common reproductive disorder
Balanitis (balanoposthitis)
Cryptorchidism
Hydrocele
Varicocele
Testicular Torison
Testicular Cancer
inflammation of the glans and prepuce of the penis
occur in uncircumcised boys
usually caused by poor hygiene
may accompany a urethritis or regional dermatitis
Balanitis (balanoposthitis)
types of balanitis
1.zoon’s balanitis
2. circinate balanitis
3. pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis (pkmb)
scaly,wart like skin lesions are present in glans of the penis
very rare type
affects men over 60 years
pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis (pkmb)
it is the inflammation of glans and foreskin of penis
zoon’s balanitis
occurs due to reactive arthritis that develops in response to an infection in the body
circinate balanitis
predisposing/precipitating factors of balanitis
- males who are not circumcised
- diabetes mellitus
- immunodeficiency
4.poor hygiene and over washing - genital trauma
6.non retraction of foreskin
7.diaper dermatitis
8.obesity
9.edematous
failure of one or both testes to descend from abdominal cavity into scrotum
-undescended testes
cryptorchidism
manipulation of testicles into the scrotum and stitches into place
Orchiopexy or Orchidopexy
surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed
to treat condition like testicular cancer,chronic pain, or gender affirming surgery
orchiectomy
types of orchiectomy
- simple orchiectomy
- bilateral orchiectomy
- subcapsular orchiectomy - testis sparing procedure and only removes the tissue surrounding the testicles
- radical inguinal orchiectomy- for testicular cancer
hormone used to cause ovulation and to treat infertility in women and to increase sperm count in men
Pregnyl
used in boys “before puberty” to cause the normal dropping of the testicles into the scrotum.
used to help with normal sexual development
Novarel
use to help men with low sperm count produce more sperms and used when testicles have not dropped down in the scrotum which is caused by pituitary gland problem
Ovidrel
swelling in the scrotum caused by fluid buildup around testicles
common in newborn and usually goes away on its own by one
may develop due to injury or inflammation in the scrotum-enlargement of scrotum
Hydrocele
most common cause of hydrocele
disruption of the lymphatic system
causes of hydrocele
congenital
injury or trauma
infection
inflammation from condition
blockage of spermatic cord
symptoms of hydrocele
painless swelling in the scrotum
feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
discomfort or pressure (large hydrocele)
predisposing/precipitating factors of hydrocele
premature birth
genital infections
injuries on testicles and scrotum
men can develop hydrocele due to these reasons
injury or trauma
infection of inflammation
blockage or poor drainage
after surgery
aging
surgery tht is done to remove or repair a hydrocele
which is fluid filled sac surrounding a testicle
hydrocelectomy
hydrocele resolves on its own within
6 to 12 months
enlarge the veins in your scrotum
abnormal enlargement of pampiniform flexux
Varicocele
predisposing/precipitating factors of varicocele
occupational exposure
overweight
tobacco products
age (15-25 yrs)
This is an open surgery done under local or general anesthesia. The surgeon accesses the affected area through the groin or, less commonly, the abdomen or upper thigh. Using tools like ultrasound and surgical microscopes, the surgeon closes the damaged veins, allowing blood to flow through healthier anes. Recovery is usually quick, with minimal pain, and most individuals can return to normal activities soon after.
Varicocelectomy
This procedure involves making a small incision in the abdomen. The surgeon inserts a tiny surgical instrument through the opening to repair the affected veins.
Laparoscopic surgery
In this minimally invasive procedure, a radiologist inserts a thin tube (catheter) into the body through the neck or groin.
Small instruments are passed through the tube, and coils or chemicals are used to block the damaged vein by causing scarring. This procedure is typically done on an outpatient basis, with a short recovery time.
percutaneous embolization
most commonly occurs between the ages of 12 and 18 but can happen at any age, even before birth. It is a medical emergency that arises when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, rotates and wists. This twisting disrupts blood flow, leading to sudden pain and swelling in the affected testicle.
Testicular Torsion
Testicular Torsion
• Loss of cremasteric reflex
• Horizontal lie
• Painful and swollen
• Immediate urologic consultation
predisposing/precipitating factors of testicular torsion
• Age
• Previous testicular torsion
• Family history of testicular torsion
• Untreated testicular pain
• Engaged in exercise or physical activities
• Climate
Chemotheraphy drugs
Cisplatin
Dactinomycin
Etoposide phosphate
Etoposide
Ifosfamide
Vinblastine sulfate
inability of the prepuce foreskin to be retracted
associated with balanitis xerotica obliterans
Phimosis
physiological phimosis
completed by 16 weeks gestation
occurs naturally in NB
nursing management in phimosis
-gently retract the foreskin,push outward everyday
-circumcision
predisposing factors of testicular cancer
cryptorchidism
family history
previous testicular cancer
abnormal testicular development
age
primary surgical procedure for testicular cancer
radical inguinal orchiectomy
to remove lymph nodes in abdomen
retroperitoneal lymph nodes dissection
used for seminomas- types of testicular cancer
Radiation therapy
symptoms of Varicocele
•A dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum
• A bag of arm feeling when palpating the scrotum
• Vision enlargement of veins in the scrotum
• Testicular Shrinkage
testicular cancer clinical manifestation
lump or bump in
swelling
pain in testes
predisposing factors of cryptorchidism
low birth weight
family history of cryptorchidism
multiple pregnancies
maternal smoking and alcohol
exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals
hormonal imbalances
