Abruptio placenta & placenta previa

Question 1

alternative names of abruptio placenta

Answer 1

premature separation of placenta
accidental hemorrhage
ablation placenta
abruption placenta
placental abruption

Question 2

abruptio placenta means

Answer 2

rending asunder of placenta which means “a sudden accident”

Question 3

type of newborn brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation and limited blood flow.

Answer 3

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Question 4

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy other terms

Answer 4

birth asphyxia
perinatal asphyxia

Question 5

common in 3rd tri, after 20 weeks gestation

Answer 5

placental abruption

Question 6

placenta abruption causes and risk factors

Answer 6

hight parity
short umbilical cord
advanced maternal age
direct trauma
chorioamnionitis
Hypertension or Preeclampsia
Smoking or drug use

Question 7

s&s of placental abruption

Answer 7

DETACHED
• Dark Red Bleeding
• Extended fundal height
• Tender uterus
• Abdominal pain
•Concealed blood
• Hard abdomen
• Experience DIC
• Distress baby

Question 9

grade O

Answer 9

•Asymptomatic
•No symptoms of separation are apparent from maternal and fetal
•Diagnosis is made after birth
•placenta shows a recent adherent clot on maternal surface

Question 10

Grade 2- Moderate

Answer 10

•No signs of maternal shock
•fetal distress is present
•moderate amount of vaginal bleeding
•significant uterine tenderness
•increased uterine activity
•maternal increased heart rate

Question 11

Grade 1- Mild

Answer 11

•Minimal separation
•vaginal bleeding
•changes in maternal vital signs
•no fetal distress or hemorrhagic shock

Question 12

Grade 3 - Severe

Answer 12

•Maternal shock and fetal death present
•Subtype A: No coagulopathy present
•Subtype B; coagulopathy present

Question 13

placenta does not completely detach from uterine wall

Answer 13

partial placental abruption

Question 14

placenta completely detach from uterine wall

Answer 14

complete or total placental abruption

Question 15

vaginal bleeding visble

Answer 15

revealed placental abruption

Question 16

little to no visible vaginal bleeding

Answer 16

concealed placental abruption

Question 17

bleeding between myometrium and placental membranes

Answer 17

subchorionic abruption

Question 18

bleeding between myometrium and placenta

Answer 18

retroplacental abruption

Question 19

bleeding between placenta and amniotic fluid

Answer 19

preplacental abruption

Question 20

bleeding within or inside the placenta

Answer 20

intraplacental abruption

Question 21

diagnostic test for P.A

Answer 21

hemoglobin level
fibrinogen level
ultrasound

Question 22

nursing management in A.P

Answer 22

• Monitor vital signs and record
• Assess amount of blood loss
• Assess contraction pattern
• Assess Urine output and skin color
• Send to cross matching and groupings
• Administer Morphine if pain present
• Put wide bore IV line or CV line
• Physical comfort and emotional support
• Check fundal height and abdominal girt
• Monitor fetal well being

Question 23

medical management A.P

Answer 23

intravenous theraphy
oxygen inhalation
cesarean delivery
hysterectomy- prevent exsanguination or severe blood loss

Question 24

anything obstructing the passage in childbirth

Answer 24

Previa
pre-before
via-way

Question 25

lower edge of the placenta reaches the lower segment but not the internal os

Answer 25

low lying

Question 26

at the edge of cervix touching the cervix but not covering it more likely to resolve on its own before baby's due date

Answer 26

Marginal

Question 27

placenta covers the internal os but does not entirely do so when fully dilated

Answer 27

partial

Question 28

placenta completely covering the cervix blocking the vagina

Answer 28

complete

Question 29

previa manifestation

Answer 29

Painless, Bright red bleeding Relaxed Soft Uterus, Nontender Episodes of bleeding (mild-profuse) 3d trimester Visible bleeding Intercourse post bleeding (spontaneous/labor) Abnormal fetal position Normal fetal heart tone No uterine contraction or pain

Question 30

risk factor of previa

Answer 30

multiparity multiple gestation increased maternal age past uterine curettage and past cs birth smoking and drug use

Question 31

maternal complications during pregnancy in previa

Answer 31

• Antepartum Hemorrhage • Malpresentation • Premature Labor

Question 32

maternal complications during labor in previa

Answer 32

• Early Rupture of Membranes • Cord Prolapse • Slow Dilation of Cervix • Intrapartum Hemorrhage

Question 33

fetal complication in previa

Answer 33

• Low Birth Weight • Asphyxia • Intrauterine Death

Question 34

medical management in previa

Answer 34

intravenous therapy avoid vaginal examinations attach external monitoring equipment

Question 35

Usually performed at 36-37 weeks to reduce the risk of hemorrhage while allowing fetal lung maturity.

Answer 35

planned c-section

Question 36

Done immediately if there is uncontrollable bleeding, fetal distress, or maternal instability.

Answer 36

emergency c-section

Question 37

preferred uterine incision for Cesarean section in placenta previa when the lower uterine segment is well-developed. It involves a horizontal cut, offering benefits like less blood loss, lower uterine rupture risk, better healing, less pain.

Answer 37

lower segment transverse incision (Kerr incision)

Question 38

used when the placenta blocks the birth canal. The incision is made in the upper uterus to reduce bleeding and avoid the placenta. It is used in certain cases but increases the risk of uterine rupture and requires future cesarean deliveries.

Answer 38

classical vertical incision

Question 39

helps prevent rds in newborn

Answer 39

betamethasone

Question 40

betamethasone indication

Answer 40

given 12 to 24 hours before birth 12 to 12.5mg (Im)

Question 41

tocolytic agent

Answer 41

magnesium sulfate