PCOS Flashcards
pcos is diagnosed by
Rotterdam Criteria
Rotterdam criteria
1.polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
2.oligo ovulation or anovulation
3. Hyperandrogenism
sign and symptoms of pcos
irregular periods
heavy bleeding
hirsutism
acne
weight gain
male pattern baldness
darkening of the skin
headaches
a condition where dark patches of skin can form in body creases like those on the neck, groin,under the breast
acanthosis nigricans
two main problems of pcos
- very high levels of luteinizing hormone
- insulin resistance
etiology of pcos
excess insulin
low grade inflammation
heredity
excess androgen
complications of PCOS
• INFERTILITY - a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse
• GESTATIONAL DIABETES OR PREGNANCY-INDUCED HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• MISCARRIAGE OR PREMATURE BIRTH
• METABOLIC SYNDROME - a group of conditions that together increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and stroke.
• SLEEP APNEA -a disorder that causes breathing to stop during sleep
• ENDOMETRIAL CANCER - a type of cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the uterus.
• DEPRESSION - a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, think, act, and perceive the world.
• NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS - a severe liver inflammation caused by fat buildup in the liver
• TYPE 2 DIABETES - happens when your body can’t use insulin properly
Diagnostic test for PCOS
physical examination
pelvic examination
blood test
transvaginal ultrasound
ovarian androgen hormone that influences hair growth
testosterone
ovarian hormone that stimulates growth of the womb (endometrium)
estrogen
influence hormone production by ovaries and important for normal ovulation
Luteinizing hormone
principally involved in utilization of energy from food
insulin
measures the fertility level of the ovaries
Anti- Mullerian hormone
a surgery dine by laparoscopy that reduces the size of the ovaries and limits the amount of testosterone
ovarian drilling
changesbthe ratio of estrogen and testosterone produced leading to better menstrual cycle
combination oral contraceptive (coc)
reducing blood glucose level
prevent type 2 diabetes
effective ovulation induction agent for non obese women with Pcos
se: diarrhea,cramping,bloating. 10-15 lb weight loss
Metformin (glucophage)
Metformin (glucophage) only serious side effect
lactic acidosis
to induce ovulation in women
clomiphene (clomid)
antiandrogens
decrease hair growth and reduce acne symptoms
treat associated hormonal imbalances
spirinolactone & finasteride
other organs where androgen can be found
adrenal glands
fat tissue
ovaries
skin
brain
liver
