Male Repro

Question 1

What are the three elongated cylindrical masses of erectile tissue?

Answer 1

1. Corpus cavernosa
2. Corpus spongiosum
3. Glans penis

Question 2

____________ contains most of the blood for erection

Answer 2

corpus cavernosa

Question 3

___________ contains the urethra

Answer 3

Corpus spongiosum

Question 4

______________ contains many sensory nerves

Answer 4

Glans Penis

Question 5

_____________ contains gonads, support tissues, vasculature, and ductile system

Answer 5

scrotum

Question 6

What innervates the scrotum?

Answer 6

ANS with strong sensory innervation, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 7

___________ paired gonads with duct system

Answer 7

Testes

Question 8

The testes are divided into hundreds of lobules. What are the cells within them?

Answer 8

1. Sertoli cells: “nurse cells” critical for the support of germ cell development into spermatozoa
2. Leydig’s cells: secrete testosterone

Question 9

What is the site of spermatogenisis?

Answer 9

seminiferous tubules

Question 10

semineferous tubules join to become ____________

Answer 10

rete testes

Question 11

Efferent ductules join as they leave rete testis to form epididymis which is the site of _____________

Answer 11

sperm maturation

Question 12

Sperm migrate to the ______________ for storage until ejaculation

Answer 12

vas deferens

Question 13

What is the epididymis?

Answer 13

Single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube
Connects the efferent ducts of the seminiferious tubules (head of epididymis), from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens via the epididymis tail.
Sperm mature for 2-3 months

Question 14

What is the vas deferans?

Answer 14

Each connect the left and right epididymis
Join the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
This duct then joins urethra (can pass urine/sperm)
Majority of sperm stored in ampulla for up to 42 days
Moves sperm via peristalsis

Question 15

What is the prostate gland?

Answer 15

Fibromuscular gland involved in urination and reproduction
Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that usually constitutes 50–75% of the volume of the semen

Question 16

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s) secretes _______________ which helps the urethra to be lubricated so the sperm can come out easier. It also neutralizes acidic fluid from the _________ and traces of acidic urine in urethra.

Answer 16

pre-ejaculate.
vas deferens

Question 17

Seminal vesicles

Answer 17

Fructose rich: supplies energy for sperm
Prostaglandins: assist fertilization
Not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and prostatic fluid

Question 18

LH: Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 18

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

Question 19

FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 19

Stimulates seminiferous tubules to produce sperm

Question 20

Inhibin

Answer 20

-Inhibits FSH production
-does not inhibit the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus
- Produced in Sertoli cells

Question 21

Male sex hormone

Answer 21

androgen

Question 22

What are androgens produced primarily by?

Answer 22

testicles, small amount comes from adrenal

Question 23

What are examples of androgens?

Answer 23

-Testosterone (concentration in the testes is 100x higher than in serum levels)
-Dihydrotestosterone
-Androstenedione
-Dehydroepiadronsterone (DHEA)

Question 24

Androgens are secreted by___________. It is influenced by ___________. Peak production of early mornings, metabolized by liver, exacerbated by kidneys, mostly protein bound in circulation.

Answer 24

Leydig cells, LH

Question 25

What is the primary and secondary sexual characteristics that testosterone and metabolites play a role in?

Answer 25

Testicular function External genitalia Accessory organs Deepens voice Male skin and hair characteristics

Question 26

What are the anabolic/other effects of testosterone?

Answer 26

anabolic: Protein metabolism Musculoskeletal growth (50% during puberty) SQ fat distribution other: Promotes spermatogenesis Stimulates erythropoeisis

Question 27

Between weeks 6-8, embryonic gonads begin to develop into testes under influence of _________________

Answer 27

SRY gene (sex-determining region of Y chromosome)

Question 28

In the development of male characteristics, The testicular cells then produce ____________ and ___________. It influences the movement of __________ towards the scrotum and _____________ develop into male genital structures such as:

Answer 28

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), testosterone. testicles, wolffian ducts 1. Epididymis 2. Vas deferans 3. Seminal vessicles

Question 29

The testicular cells then produce anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone. What does this influence the movement of?

Answer 29

testicles towards the scrotum and the wolffian ducts develop into male genital tract structures Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles

Question 30

Testosterone is converted to ______________a reductase in tissues allow the formation of other male structures such as:

Answer 30

dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by a 5-a reductase External genitalia Urethra Prostate

Question 31

Onset of puberty occurs between ________ years of age

Answer 31

10-11

Question 32

When the HPT axis kicks on for male puberty, it has influences on interstitial cells of _________ to begin__________. Simultaneously hormonal influences triggers onset of mitotic activity of the germ cells that develop in sperm

Answer 32

Leydig, testosterone production

Question 33

___________increases rapidly as individual tubules grow (greater than 4mL indicates onset of puberty)

Answer 33

Testicle size

Question 34

At what age does spermatogenesis begin?

Answer 34

age 13

Question 35

Full testicular maturity and spermatogenesis attained by age

Answer 35

15-16

Question 36

What is the role of the semineferous tubules in spermatogenesis?

Answer 36

-Nourish cells -Digestive enzymes which convert spermatocytes to sperm -Shape head and tail -Spermatids have 23 chromosomes -Spermatozoa have flagella for movement and acrosomes

Question 37

Sperm is stored in the _________ and __________. It retained fertility for as long as ______ days. After ejaculation, the max lifespan is _______ to _____ hours. One ejaculation has 100- 400 million sperm. Healthy sperm move ____ to ____ mm/minute.

Answer 37

in epididymides and vas deferens 42 days 24 to 72 hours 1-4mm/minute

Question 38

Andropause

Answer 38

-Male reproductive capability declines due to decreases in testosterone -Usually gradual in men around 40-55 years of age -Changes in protein synthesis, salt and water balance, bone growth, cardiovascular function, testicular size and function, prostate enlargement, penile fibrosis *Frequency of intercourse, intensity of sensation, speed of attaining erection, and force of ejaculation are reduced *Sexual thoughts, interest, and activity often persists May still be able to reproduce until late in life