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Phys and Pharm > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three elongated cylindrical masses of erectile tissue?

A
  1. Corpus cavernosa
  2. Corpus spongiosum
  3. Glans penis
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2
Q

____________ contains most of the blood for erection

A

corpus cavernosa

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3
Q

___________ contains the urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum

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4
Q

______________ contains many sensory nerves

A

Glans Penis

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5
Q

_____________ contains gonads, support tissues, vasculature, and ductile system

A

scrotum

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6
Q

What innervates the scrotum?

A

ANS with strong sensory innervation, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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7
Q

___________ paired gonads with duct system

A

Testes

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8
Q

The testes are divided into hundreds of lobules. What are the cells within them?

A
  1. Sertoli cells: “nurse cells” critical for the support of germ cell development into spermatozoa
  2. Leydig’s cells: secrete testosterone
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9
Q

What is the site of spermatogenisis?

A

seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

semineferous tubules join to become ____________

A

rete testes

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11
Q

Efferent ductules join as they leave rete testis to form epididymis which is the site of _____________

A

sperm maturation

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12
Q

Sperm migrate to the ______________ for storage until ejaculation

A

vas deferens

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13
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube
Connects the efferent ducts of the seminiferious tubules (head of epididymis), from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens via the epididymis tail.
Sperm mature for 2-3 months

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14
Q

What is the vas deferans?

A

Each connect the left and right epididymis
Join the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
This duct then joins urethra (can pass urine/sperm)
Majority of sperm stored in ampulla for up to 42 days
Moves sperm via peristalsis

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15
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Fibromuscular gland involved in urination and reproduction
Secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that usually constitutes 50–75% of the volume of the semen

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16
Q

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s) secretes _______________ which helps the urethra to be lubricated so the sperm can come out easier. It also neutralizes acidic fluid from the _________ and traces of acidic urine in urethra.

A

pre-ejaculate.
vas deferens

17
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Fructose rich: supplies energy for sperm
Prostaglandins: assist fertilization
Not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and prostatic fluid

18
Q

LH: Luteinizing Hormone

A

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

19
Q

FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates seminiferous tubules to produce sperm

20
Q

Inhibin

A

-Inhibits FSH production
-does not inhibit the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus
- Produced in Sertoli cells

21
Q

Male sex hormone

A

androgen

22
Q

What are androgens produced primarily by?

A

testicles, small amount comes from adrenal

23
Q

What are examples of androgens?

A

-Testosterone (concentration in the testes is 100x higher than in serum levels)
-Dihydrotestosterone
-Androstenedione
-Dehydroepiadronsterone (DHEA)

24
Q

Androgens are secreted by___________. It is influenced by ___________. Peak production of early mornings, metabolized by liver, exacerbated by kidneys, mostly protein bound in circulation.

A

Leydig cells, LH

25
Q

What is the primary and secondary sexual characteristics that testosterone and metabolites play a role in?

A

Testicular function
External genitalia
Accessory organs
Deepens voice
Male skin and hair characteristics

26
Q

What are the anabolic/other effects of testosterone?

A

anabolic:
Protein metabolism
Musculoskeletal growth (50% during puberty)
SQ fat distribution

other:
Promotes spermatogenesis
Stimulates erythropoeisis

27
Q

Between weeks 6-8, embryonic gonads begin to develop into testes under influence of _________________

A

SRY gene (sex-determining region of Y chromosome)

28
Q

In the development of male characteristics, The testicular cells then produce ____________ and ___________. It influences the movement of __________ towards the scrotum and _____________ develop into male genital structures such as:

A

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), testosterone.
testicles, wolffian ducts
1. Epididymis
2. Vas deferans
3. Seminal vessicles

29
Q

The testicular cells then produce anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone. What does this influence the movement of?

A

testicles towards the scrotum and the wolffian ducts develop into male genital tract structures
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles

30
Q

Testosterone is converted to ______________a reductase in tissues allow the formation of other male structures such as:

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by a 5-a reductase
External genitalia
Urethra
Prostate

31
Q

Onset of puberty occurs between ________ years of age

A

10-11

32
Q

When the HPT axis kicks on for male puberty, it has influences on interstitial cells of _________ to begin__________. Simultaneously hormonal influences triggers onset of mitotic activity of the germ cells that develop in sperm

A

Leydig, testosterone production

33
Q

___________increases rapidly as individual tubules grow (greater than 4mL indicates onset of puberty)

A

Testicle size

34
Q

At what age does spermatogenesis begin?

A

age 13

35
Q

Full testicular maturity and spermatogenesis attained by age

A

15-16

36
Q

What is the role of the semineferous tubules in spermatogenesis?

A

-Nourish cells
-Digestive enzymes which convert spermatocytes to sperm
-Shape head and tail
-Spermatids have 23 chromosomes
-Spermatozoa have flagella for movement and acrosomes

37
Q

Sperm is stored in the _________ and __________. It retained fertility for as long as ______ days. After ejaculation, the max lifespan is _______ to _____ hours. One ejaculation has 100- 400 million sperm. Healthy sperm move ____ to ____ mm/minute.

A

in epididymides and vas deferens
42 days
24 to 72 hours
1-4mm/minute

38
Q

Andropause

A

-Male reproductive capability declines due to decreases in testosterone

-Usually gradual in men around 40-55 years of age

-Changes in protein synthesis, salt and water balance, bone growth, cardiovascular function, testicular size and function, prostate enlargement, penile fibrosis
*Frequency of intercourse, intensity of sensation, speed of attaining erection, and force of ejaculation are reduced

*Sexual thoughts, interest, and activity often persists

May still be able to reproduce until late in life

Phys and Pharm (16 decks)

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