Male Repro Flashcards
trace path sperm
- seminiferous tubules of testes
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
- external urethral orifice
functional roles of sertoli cells of testes
support process of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, produce the hormone inhibin
functional role of interstitial (leydig) cells of testis
produce male sex steriod hormones (ex: androgens such as testosterone)
why would a male with situs inversus have difficulty conceiving a child
flagella in sperm would be defective
what is the anatomy/function of the seminal vesicels
accessory glands of the male repro system
pair of contorted tubes located between bladder and rectum
combines with vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct
Funciton
- contribute 85% of seminal fluid
- important in sperm motility,
what is PSA + functions
prostate specific antigen
protein produced by cells of the prostate gland
PSA functions to liquefy the ejaculate and aids in sperm motility
PSA levels
elevated PSA with prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate cancer
PSA levels ARE NOT diagnostic between hyperplasia and cancer
what is the anatomical relationships of the prostate
aka what borders it anteriorly, posteriorly, superiorly, inferiorly and laterally
anterior: pubic symphysis (inferior part)
posterior: ampulla of rectum
superior: urinary bladder, seminal vesicles, ampulla of ductus deferens
inferior: urethral sphincter, DEEP PERINEAL MUSCLES
lateral: LEAVATOR ANI MUSCLE
what are the 4 zones of the prostate
- peripheral zone
- central zone
- transitional zone
- anterior fibromuscular zone (anterior muscular zone)
what does the anterior fibromuscular zone of the prostate consist of
smooth muscle to help expel prostatic fluid
where do most prostate cancers develop
in the peripheral and central zones
what does the penis consist of?
the root, body, and glans
what are the two erectile tissues
corpus spongiosum
corpora cavernosa
what does the root of the penis attach to
?
What does the root of the penis consist of
consists of
crura,
bulb of penis
, and ischiocavernosus muscle and bulbospongiosus muscle
located in the superficial perineal pouch
How are the two erectile tissues arranged within the root of the penis
crura: consists of corpora cavernosa and attaches to the inferior surface of the ischial ramus
bulb: corpus songiosum
What does the body of the penis consist of
how are the erectile tissues arranged
no muscles
two corpora cavernosa form the dorsal aspect of penis
single corpora spongiosum forms urethral surface of the penis
what is the glans penis and what type of erectile tissue
distal end of penis formed by corpus spongiosum
Epispadias
Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra.
In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location.
Along the top of the penis?
Hypospadias
is a birth defect in boys where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis.
Along the bottom of the penis
Peyronie’s disease
Aka penile fibrosis
disease is a noncancerous condition resulting from fibrous scar tissue that develops on the penis and causes curved, painful erections.
diphallia
Diphallia is a genetic condition present at birth in which a person has two penises.
phimosis
Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis (glans).
Phimosis is normal in babies and toddlers, but in older children it may be the result of a skin condition that has caused scarring. It is not usually a problem unless it causes symptoms.
Paraphimosis
paraphimosis is a urologic emergency, occurring in uncircumcised males, in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the corona and forms a tight band of constricting tissue.
Often iatrogenically induced,
