Malay Unit 15 Flashcards
3 prefixes for verbs
MeN, Ber, Ter
1 prefix for adjectives
Ter
2 prefixes for noums
Pen (-er), Ke
6 variants of MeN
Me, Mem, Men, Meng, Menge, Meny
with which letters is Me + Stem
L, M, N, R, Y, W
with which letters is Mem + Stem
B, F, P (F and P are eliminated)
with which letters is Men + Stem
C, D, J, T, Z (T is eliminated)
with which letters is Meng + Stem
A, E, I, O, U, G, H, K (K is eliminated)
with which letters is Menge + Stem
all one syllable stems
with which letter is Meny + Stem
S (S is eliminated)
how to conjugate ikut (to follow)
mengikut
how to conjugate faham (to understand)
memahami *
how to conjugate halau (to shoo away, wegscheuchen)
menghalau
how to conjugate ganggu (to disturb)
mengganggu
how to conjugate tonton (to watch)
menonton
how to conjugate cari (to search)
mencari
how to conjugate naik (to ride, to go up)
menaik
how to conjugate kipas (to fan, wedeln)
mengipas
how to conjugate jual (to sell)
menjual
how to conjugate pakai (to wear)
memakai
how to conjugate warna (to colour)
mewarna
how to conjugate bantu (to assist)
membantu
how to conjugate simpan (to store)
menyimpan
how to conjugate masak
memasak
solve this problem
selesaikan masalah ni
done
selesai
solve
selesaikan
I washed all that clothes (formal + informal)
saya mencuci semua baju itu / saya cuci semua baju tu
he will iron his uniform before go to work (formal + informal)
dia akan menggosok uniformnya sebelum pergi ke kerja / dia akan gosok uniform dia sebelum pergi kerja
my younger brother likes to read
adik saya suka membaca
my younger brother likes to read a book
adik saya suka baca buku
this flavor can spice up your cooking (formal + informal)
perisa ini boleh menyedapkan masakan awak / perisa ni boleh sedap masakan awak
you can sweeten your coffee with stevia (formal and informal)
awak boleh memaniskan kopi awak dengan stevia / awak boleh maniskan awak dengan stevia
to heaten this water with microwave, it will take 5 minutes time (formal + informal)
untuk memanaskan air ini dengan microwave, akan mengambil masa 5 minit / untuk panaskan air ni dengan microwave, akan gambik masa 5 limit
how do you name your child? formal and informal
awak menamakan anak awak apa? / awak namakan anak awak apa?
at what time the airplane starts and lands?
pukul berapa kapal terbang berlepas dan mendarat?
after dress his child, he goes to the kitchen for cooking (formal + informal)
selepas membajukan anaknya, dia pergi ke dapur untuk memasak / lepas bajukan anak dia, dia pergi dapur untuk masak
I want to cancel my flight
saya mau (nak) (mem)batalkan penerbangan saya
to cancel
(mem)batalkan
cancelled
dibatalkan
cancellation
pembatalan
another state
satu lagi negeri
Now the government is thinking about (making) mandatory the covid vaccine
Sekarang kerajaan tengah fikir untuk wajibkan vaksin covid.
mandatory
wajib
to make something mandatory
wajibkan
politician
Ahli politik
Now politicians are thinking of mandating covid vaccines for some jobs
Sekarang ahli politik tengah fikir untuk wajibkan vaksin covid untuk sesetengah pekerjaan
fine (Strafe)
denda
make decisions
buat keputusan
landslide
tanah runtuh
to book
tempah
to run away
melarikan diri
please buy me milk
tolong belikan saya susu (beli untuk saya)
fluent
fasih
sweat
puluh
to produce
menghasilkan
to exercise
bersenam
beard
jambang
to shave
bercukur
sports activities can be fun activities
aktiviti sukan boleh jadi aktiviti yang menyeronok (seronok)
what do you use to blacken your hair
awak guna apa untuk hitamkan rambut awak?
we, every week always go to the beach
kitorang setiap minggu selalu pergi kat pantai
dont try even though I know you like to try
jangan cuba walaupun saya tahu awak suka mencuba
3 ways for BeR
Be, Ber, Belajar
when use BE
when steem start with R, when first syllabe ends with R,
Ber + Noun 3 uses
1- to have, saya berumah besar (saya ada rumah besar)
2-to use, wear, go by, ride, saya tak bandai berbasikal (saya tak pandai naik basikal)
3-to produce, ayam tu bertelur setiap minggu (ayam tu hasilkan telur setiap hari)
BER + Verb 3 uses
1- action performed for one own self, budak-budak tu suka berlari kat padang / jambang saya dah panjang jadi saya perlu bercukur
2- action done involving 2 or more parties, kita perlu berbincang sebelum buat apa-apa keputusan / dah berapa lama diorang berbual kat kedai kopi tu?
3- passive condition, baju yang koyak tu belum berjahit / saya ada banyak data yang belum bertaip
BER + Number 1 use
number of people, used with pronoum, kitorang bertiga nak pergi Kuala Selangor lusa, nak ikut? / jom pergi tengok wayang, kita berdua je, jangan ajak orang lain / berpuluh orang pelajar tak datang ke kolej hari ni
get well soon
Semoga cepat sembuh
supposed to
sepatutnya
half German
separuh Jerman
potato salad with sausage
salad kentang dan sosej
duck
itik
backed duck (Ente in Ofen gebacken)
itik bakar
public holiday
cuti umum
to live
hidup
I will have to change the time
saya akan kena tukar masa
uses (verwendung)
kegunaan
talk to yourself (selbstgespräch)
cakap sorang
crazy
gila
lecture
kuliah
to invite (einladen mitzukommen, oder etwas mitzumachen)
ajak
to invite (einladen zu einer Feier, Party)
jemput
to treat (pay for someone), to spend money
belanja
I want to invite you for dinner
saya nak belanja awak makan malam
dich einladen zu irgendwas (und für dich bezahlen)
belanja awak + verb
there are no rules
takde peraturan
waiter
waiter, pelayan
sum, amount
jumlah
service charge
caj servis
fixed salary
gaji tetap
new government
kerajaan baru
infrastructure
infrastruktur
tax (Steuer)
cukai
tax and insurance are automaticly deducted from the salary
cakai dan insurans ditolak dari gaji automatik
at the same time
pada masa yang sama
private clinic
klinik swastA
torn (zerrissen)
koyak
to wrap
balut
funny
kelakar
including
termasuk
included
termasukkan
I have a big house
saya ada rumah besar (saya berumah besar)
that man doesnt have hair (is bald)
lelaki tu takde rambut, lelaki tu tak berambut (lelaki tu botak)
this child doesnt have a family
budak ni takde keluarga, budak ni tak berkeluarga
he has a lot of money
dia ada banyak duit, dia berduit
he is not good in biking
dia tak pandai naik basikal, dia tak pandai berbasikal
that german person can speak malay fluently
orang jerman tu boleh cakap/guna bahasa melayu dengan fasih (lancar), orang jerman tu boleh berbahasa melayu dengan fasih (lancar)
that chicken produce eggs every week
ayam tu hasilkan telur setiap minggu, ayam tu bertelur setiap hari
my beard is already long, so I need to shave
jambang saya dah panjang, jadi saya perlu bercukur
are you not tired? work until the middle of the need
awak tak penat ke? bekerja sampai tengah malam
we need to talk before making any decision
kita perlu berbincang sebelum buat apa-apa keputusan
how many time already they chat in that coffee shop?
dah berapa lama diorang berbual kat kedai kopi tu?
we 3 will go to KL after tomorrow, you want to follow?
kitorang bertiga nak pergi KL lusa. Nak ikut?
dozens (many tens) students didnt come to the lecture today
berpuluh orang pelajar tak datang ke kuliah hari ni
lets go to the beach, we 2 only, dont invite other people
jom pergi kat pantai, kita berdua je, jangan ajak orang lain
I have a lot of data that are not typed yet?
saya ada banyak data yang belum bertaip
why this gift is not wrapped? tomorrow we want already to give to him
kenapa hadiah ni tak berbalut? esok kita dah nak bagi kat dia
I need to pee
saya perlu kencing
I need to shit
saya perlu berak
I need to vomit
saya perlu muntah
I need to fart
saya perlu kentut
to stand/ to hold
tahan
actual, actually
sebenar, sebenarnya
to fall
jatuh
to hit
langgar
sorry, I accidentally read your message just now
maaf, saya terbaca mesej awak tadi
that baby accidentally pee because he cant hold
baby tu terkencing sebab dia tak tahan
In that test I wrote “2”, but the actual answer is “4”
dalam ujian tu, saya tertulis “2”, tapi jawapan sebenar dia “4”
that laptop that I bought accidentaly fall because my older sister hit it
laptop yang saya beli tu terjatuh sebab kakak saya langgar
mother accidentaly add (put in) nut in that food. Father cannot eat nuts. He is allergic with nuts.
mak terisi kacang dalam makanan tu. ayah tak boleh makan kacang. dia alergik dengan kacang.
to lift up (anheben)
angkat
to manage
urus
baggage
bagasi
to control
kawal
lately
akhir-akhir ni
recently
baru-baru ni
it is impossible for me to read, that messages yours that is long
tak terbaca saya, mesej awak yang panjang ni
that child cannot lift the baggage that is heavy
budak tu tak terangkat bagasi yang berat tu
impossible to do ….
tak ter + verb …
they have too many Schüler in that class until it is impossible to control
diaorang ada banyak sangat murid dalam kelas tu sampai tak terkawal
the highest building in the world is in Dubai
bangunan tertinggi kat dunia ada kat Dubai
3 uses for ter
1- ter + verb 1 = accidental, unintertional
2- ter + verb 2 = (used with tak) impossible to do
ter + adj = superlative
I already did my best in that driving licence test
saya dah buat yang terbaik dalam ujian memandu tu
did you already hear the latest news about him?
awak dah dengar berita terbaru tentang dia?
around Berlin
sekeliling Berlin
plaudern, sich unterhalten (3 verschieden Wörter)
bersembang, berbual, berborak
pedestrian street (lane)
laluan pejalan kaki
waschmittel
sabun pencuci
dry
kering
maid
pembantu rumah
teacher assistant
penolong guru
stellvertretender Klassenleiter
penolong ketua kelas
leader, chief
ketua
Aroma
penyedap rasa
darf ich Sie bitten
tumpang tanya
passenger
penumpang
total
jumlah
as
sebagai
quiet
diam
to watch
tonton
2 ways to use PEN
1- the person who does an action (driver, reader)
2- the tool used to perform an action (broom, eraser)
3 exeptions
1- pekerja
2- pelari
3- pejalan kaki
Handwerker (sometimes also used instead of PEN)
tukang
cook (not professional)
tukang masak
dryer
mesin pengering
water cooker
cerek pemanas air
conjugate in PEN form cinta
pencinta
conjugate in PEN form sayang
penyayang
conjugate in PEN form curi
pencuri
conjugate in PEN form perhati (to observe)
pemerhati
conjugate in PEN form kerja
pekerja
conjugate in PEN form bantu (help)
pembantu
conjugate in PEN form tolong
penolong
conjugate in PEN form main
pemain
conjugate in PEN form potong (cut)
pemotong
conjugate in PEN form tutup
penutup
conjugate in PEN form malu (shy)
pemalu
conjugate in PEN form sedap
penyedap
conjugate in PEN form daki (to climb)
pendaki
conjugate in PEN form tumpang (overlap)
penumpang
conjugate in PEN form belajar
pelajar
who is the cook for that wedding ceremony?
siapa tukang masak untuk majlis kahwin tu?
now, it is easier for us to cook rice because we have an electric rice cooker
sekarang, lebih senang untuk kita masak nasi sebab kita ada alat pemasak nasi ele
every year, Ali will buy 5 to 6 collections of novels from this famous writer
setiap tahu, Ali akan beli koleksi novel daripada penulis terkenal ni
how many total passengers maximum for this electric bus?
berapa jumlah penumpang maksimum bas ekspres ni?
did you buy the can opener that I order just now?
awak ada beli alat pembuka tin yang saya pesan tadi?
after one month learning the Malay language, I can speak Malay as a beginner
selepas sebulan belajar bahasa Melayu, saya boleh cakap bahasa Melayu sebagai pemula
ecemple of a sentence
contoh ayat
many people from Indonesia come to Malaysia and work as a maid
banyak orang dari Indonesia datang ke Malaysia dan bekerja sebagai pembantu rumah
whom is the assistant from the class leader in this class?
siapa penolong ketua kelas dalam kelas ni?
climber must be careful when climb that mountain when it is rainy season
pendaki mesti hati-hati bila naik gunung tu bila musim hujan
young brother Rosman is shy and quiet, he doesnt speak much
adik Rosman pemalu dan pendiam, dia tak banyak cakap
the ambition from my brother, before, he wanted to become a football player, but now he is a doctor
cita-cita abang saya, dulu, dia nak jadi pemain bola sepak, tapi sekarang dia doktor
full
penuh
short
pendek
to like (something)
gemar
to create, invent
cipta
1990 s
1990-an
one day (in the future)
satu hari nanti
novel ni saya tulis. saya …. novel ni
penulis
hobi dia lukis gambar. dia nak jadi ….satu hari nanti
pelukis
orang yang guna jalan raya, kita panggil ….jalan raya
pengguna
bilik adik saya bersih setiap masa. dia ….
pembersih
cinema
panggung wayang
banyak orang cuti hari ni, jadi panggung wayang penuh dengan …
penonton
saya nak kenal orang yang buat filem pendek ni. syarikat mana ….. filem ni?
pembuat
anak sedara lelaki saya gemar makan makanan India. dia … makanan India
penggemar
komposer terkenal Awie cipta lagu ni tahun 1990-an. Awie … lagu ni
pencipta
construction site
tapak pembinaan
every thing is expensive
setiap benda mahal
to rent
sEwa
adress
alamat
change the place of residence (Wohnort oder Wohnung wechseln)
tukar tempat tinggal
to move
pindah
there are not enough apartments
takde cukup apartment
modern
moden
multi cultural
berbilang bangsa
church
gereja
dont have a work permit
takde permit kerja
to continue to stay (keep staying, sitting)
sambung duduk
developed
maju
developing
membangun
labor (Arbeit)
buruh
fruit farm
ladang buah
labor worker (Arbeiter)
pekerja buruh
middle east
timur tengah
nurse
jurawat
employer
majikan
employee
pekerja
emperor
maharaja
election
pilihan raya
to vote
undi
extravagant
boros
prime minister
perdana menteri
army
tentera
soldier
soldier
family business
bisnes keluarga
war
perang
greedy
tamak
civil war
perang saudara
dictator
diktator
2 usages for prefix Ke
1 - ke + number = form ordinal number
2- ke + number-+number = both, all three, all four etc..
race (running)
lumba lari
Holland
Belanda
what number
keberapa
Egypt
Mesir
to apply
mohon
all
kesemua
I got the 9th place in that race
saya dapat tempat kesembilan dalam lumba lari tu
Holland is the 24th country that I have ever been
Belanda negara ke-24 yang saya pernah pergi
you bought a new house again? That is the “wievielte” house?
awak beli rumah baru lagi? tu rumah keberapa?
all 4 students in that class come from Cairo, Egypt
keempat-empat orang pelajar dalam kelas tu datang dari Cairo, Mesir
all foreign workers in this country must apply (for) a work permit before coming for start to work
kesemua pekerja asing kat negara ni mesti mohon permit kerja sebelum datang untuk mula bekerka
date
tarikh
did you get your money back?
awak dapat duit balik?
beard
jambang
flood
banjir
overcast, bedecken
mendung
flash flood
banjir kilat
irrigation system
sistem pengairan
to pass
lalu
This is because of the heavy rain and the river suddenly overflowing
Ni sebab hujan lebat dan sungai tiba-tiba melimpah
to overflow
melimpah
suddenly
tiba-tiba
water flows fast
Air mengalir laju
27th (for the day of the month)
27 hari bulan
27th this month
27 hari bulan ni
destination
destinasi
criminal
penjenayah
crime
jenayah
district
daerah
common people
orang biasa
government
kerajaan
the government give a bit money for live
kerajaan bagi duit sikit untuk hidup
for people that are in Germany legally
untuk orang yang ada kat Jerman secara sah
legally
secara sah
there are many people that dont have a place to stay
ada banyak orang yang takde tempat tinggal
homeless people
gelandangan
dangerous
bahaya
which number?
nombor berapa = keberapa
turkey
ayam Belanda
soursop (Stachelmelone)
durian Belanda
jackfruit
nangka
small and round jackfruit
cempedak
Asian market
pasar Asia
import/export
import/eksport
confused
keliru
guest
tetamu
thank you very much
terima kasih banyak-banyak
millions of thanks (formal)
jutaan terima kasih
luxurious
mEwah
indeed
memang
to deserve, qualify
layak
to object, widersprechen
bantah
mosquito
nyamuk
I was biten from a mosquito
saya kena gigit dengan nyamuk
millipeded, tausendfüssler
lipan
cockroach
lipas
bee
lebah
wasp, Wespe
tebuan
guru besar tengah berucap kat depan, …. dia membosankan
ucapan
adik tulis satu cerita pada kertas, tapi saya tak boleh baca langsung, sebab … dia buruk
tulisan
semalam dia dah bayar untuk kelas dengan Paypal. awak dah terima … tu?
bayaran
to raise
pelihara
adik Neelofa suka pelihara haiwan eksotik. dia ada banyak haiwan ….
peliharaan
saya kena sengat dengan tebuan. …. tebuan sangat-sangat bahaya
sengatan
untuk uji bahasa Inggeris pelajar, cikgu akan buat satu … besok
ujian
ini bukan air ….. ini air mineral
minuman
adik rakam video binatang-binatang bila pergi zoo dan simpan semua ….. tu dalam komputer
the younger sibling record a video from animals while he go to the zoo and save all the recordings in the computer
head master
guru besar
to accept, receive
terima
to rear (aufziehen, grossziehen)
pelihara
to sting (for insects)
sengat
to record
rakam
meaning and use from verb + an
verb + an = noun
to decorate, decoration
hias, hiasan
to write, writing
tulis, tulisan
to smile, the smile
senyum, senyuman
to save, the savings
simpan, simpanan
to push, the pushing (force)
tolak, tolakan
to cook, the cooking
masak, masakan
to drink, the drink
minum, minuman
to wear, the clothes
pakai, pakaian
to think, the thoughts
fikir, fikiran
to teach, the teaching
ajar, ajaran
to play, the toy
main, mainan
to wash, the laundry
cuci, cucian
to sing, the singing
nyanyi, nyanyian
to biy, the purchase
beli, belian
to sell, the sale
jual, jualan
to build, the building
bina, binaan
to try, the attempt/the try
cuba, cubaan
meaning year/age + an xxxx s 1990s teens
xxxx-an 1990-an
in the 1990s
tahun 1990-an
meaning tens, hundreds, thousands, millions
belasan, ratusan, ribuan, jutaan
the price is hundreds of Ringgit
harga ratusan Ringgit
thousands of guests
ribuan tetamu
sea, ocean (wide)
laut, lautan
noun-noun+ an
group of things buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, bunga-bungaan
to sink
tenggelam
to collapse
runtuh
we didnt expect
(kami) tak jangka
roof
atap, bumbung
affected
terkesan
south-east asia
asia tenggara
to involve
melibat
involves, involved
melibatkan
confident, absolutly sure
yakin
10 sqare meter
10 meter persegi
just in case
untuk berjaga-jaga
authentic
autentik, tulen
sister in law, brother in law
kakak ipar, abang ipar, adik ipar
father in law, mother in law
ayah mertua, emak mertua
theme park
taman tema
departure
perlepasan
arrival
ketibaan
arrival time
masa ketibaan
arrival of the guests
ketibaan tetamu
the fall of the dolar
kejatuhan dolar
the Lira is falling
Lira tengah jatuh
to melt
cair
workshop (Werkstatt)
bengkel
how is his situation at the hospital?
macam mana keadaan dia kat hospital?
how is the covid situation?
macam mana keadaan covid? = macam mana situasi covid?
exception
pengecualian
except
kecuali
to watch
tengok = lihat (more formal)
seat belt
tali pinggang keledar
meeting
mesyuarat
friendship
persahabatan
am, is, are, were
adalah (with all except noums, ialah (with nouns), but is spoken Malay only adalah is used
change an adjectif to be a noun
ke + adjectif + an
beautiful, the beauty
cantik, kecantikan
busy, the bustle
sibuk, kesibukan
clean, the cleanliness
bersih, kebersihan
sweet, the sweetness
manis, kemanisan
brave, the bravery
berani, keberanian
honest, the honesty
jujur, kejujuran
high, the height
tinggi, ketinggian
afraid, the fear
takut, ketakutan
poor, the poverty
miskin, kemiskian
cold, the coldness
sejuk, kesejukan
fast, the speed
laju, kelajuan
furniture
perabot
to measure
ukur
to take care
jaga
issue
isu
authentic, pure
tulEn
among one of the
antara
before buying furniture, better if we measure the width of that door
sebelum beli perabot, lebih baik kalau kita ukur lEbar pintu ni
I’m afraid, hard for us to bring it in later
saya takut, susah untuk kita bawak masuk nanti
do you know how long the the second Pulau Pinang bridge is?
awak tahu panjang jambatan kedua Pulau Pinang berapa?
to count the BMI, we need weight and height for us to put in the formula
untuk kira BMI, kita perlukan berat dan tinggi untuk kita masukkan dalam formula
the teacher says we must take care of the cleanliness of the class all the time
cikgu cakap kita mesti jaga kebersihan kelas setiap masa
poverty is among one of the big issues in this country
kemiskinan antara satu isu besar yang ada kat negara ni
how do we want to know the authenticity of this old money?
macam mana kita nak tahu ketulEnan duit lama ni?
he is (in the state of being) sad because his father in law just passed away
dia kesedihan sebab ayah mertua dia baru je meninggal dunia
we were (in the state of being) happy when we got to know that we will go to Disneyland
kitaorang kegembiraan bila dapat tahu kitaorang akan pergi ke Disneyland
they all (in the state of being) hungry and thirsty after one week not have food
mereka semua kelaparan dan kehausan selepas seminggu tak ada makanan
the students all run away afraid after seeing a tiger enter the school area
pelajar semua lari ketakutan selepas nampak harimau masuk kawasan sekolah
entrance (school, company)
kemasukan
situation, condition
keadaan
not present, abscence
tak hadir, ketakhadiran
not fair, unfairness
tak adil, ketakadilan
not perfect, imperfection
tak sempurna, ketaksempurnaan
use of Pen, Per, Pe….an
english gerund (noun) ING
