Malay Unit 15 Flashcards by Joerg Frormann

3 prefixes for verbs

MeN, Ber, Ter

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1 prefix for adjectives

Ter

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2 prefixes for noums

Pen (-er), Ke

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6 variants of MeN

Me, Mem, Men, Meng, Menge, Meny

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with which letters is Me + Stem

L, M, N, R, Y, W

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with which letters is Mem + Stem

B, F, P (F and P are eliminated)

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with which letters is Men + Stem

C, D, J, T, Z (T is eliminated)

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with which letters is Meng + Stem

A, E, I, O, U, G, H, K (K is eliminated)

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with which letters is Menge + Stem

all one syllable stems

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with which letter is Meny + Stem

S (S is eliminated)

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how to conjugate ikut (to follow)

mengikut

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how to conjugate faham (to understand)

memahami *

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how to conjugate halau (to shoo away, wegscheuchen)

menghalau

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how to conjugate ganggu (to disturb)

mengganggu

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how to conjugate tonton (to watch)

menonton

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how to conjugate cari (to search)

mencari

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how to conjugate naik (to ride, to go up)

menaik

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how to conjugate kipas (to fan, wedeln)

mengipas

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how to conjugate jual (to sell)

menjual

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how to conjugate pakai (to wear)

memakai

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how to conjugate warna (to colour)

mewarna

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how to conjugate bantu (to assist)

membantu

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how to conjugate simpan (to store)

menyimpan

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how to conjugate masak

memasak

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solve this problem

selesaikan masalah ni

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done

selesai

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solve

selesaikan

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I washed all that clothes (formal + informal)

saya mencuci semua baju itu / saya cuci semua baju tu

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he will iron his uniform before go to work (formal + informal)

dia akan menggosok uniformnya sebelum pergi ke kerja / dia akan gosok uniform dia sebelum pergi kerja

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my younger brother likes to read

adik saya suka membaca

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my younger brother likes to read a book

adik saya suka baca buku

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this flavor can spice up your cooking (formal + informal)

perisa ini boleh menyedapkan masakan awak / perisa ni boleh sedap masakan awak

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you can sweeten your coffee with stevia (formal and informal)

awak boleh memaniskan kopi awak dengan stevia / awak boleh maniskan awak dengan stevia

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to heaten this water with microwave, it will take 5 minutes time (formal + informal)

untuk memanaskan air ini dengan microwave, akan mengambil masa 5 minit / untuk panaskan air ni dengan microwave, akan gambik masa 5 limit

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how do you name your child? formal and informal

awak menamakan anak awak apa? / awak namakan anak awak apa?

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at what time the airplane starts and lands?

pukul berapa kapal terbang berlepas dan mendarat?

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after dress his child, he goes to the kitchen for cooking (formal + informal)

selepas membajukan anaknya, dia pergi ke dapur untuk memasak / lepas bajukan anak dia, dia pergi dapur untuk masak

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I want to cancel my flight

saya mau (nak) (mem)batalkan penerbangan saya

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to cancel

(mem)batalkan

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cancelled

dibatalkan

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cancellation

pembatalan

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another state

satu lagi negeri

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Now the government is thinking about (making) mandatory the covid vaccine

Sekarang kerajaan tengah fikir untuk wajibkan vaksin covid.

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mandatory

wajib

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to make something mandatory

wajibkan

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politician

Ahli politik

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Now politicians are thinking of mandating covid vaccines for some jobs

Sekarang ahli politik tengah fikir untuk wajibkan vaksin covid untuk sesetengah pekerjaan

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fine (Strafe)

denda

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make decisions

buat keputusan

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landslide

tanah runtuh

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to book

tempah

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to run away

melarikan diri

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please buy me milk

tolong belikan saya susu (beli untuk saya)

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fluent

fasih

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sweat

puluh

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to produce

menghasilkan

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to exercise

bersenam

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beard

jambang

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to shave

bercukur

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sports activities can be fun activities

aktiviti sukan boleh jadi aktiviti yang menyeronok (seronok)

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what do you use to blacken your hair

awak guna apa untuk hitamkan rambut awak?

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we, every week always go to the beach

kitorang setiap minggu selalu pergi kat pantai

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dont try even though I know you like to try

jangan cuba walaupun saya tahu awak suka mencuba

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3 ways for BeR

Be, Ber, Belajar

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when use BE

when steem start with R, when first syllabe ends with R,

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Ber + Noun 3 uses

1- to have, saya berumah besar (saya ada rumah besar)
2-to use, wear, go by, ride, saya tak bandai berbasikal (saya tak pandai naik basikal)
3-to produce, ayam tu bertelur setiap minggu (ayam tu hasilkan telur setiap hari)

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BER + Verb 3 uses

1- action performed for one own self, budak-budak tu suka berlari kat padang / jambang saya dah panjang jadi saya perlu bercukur
2- action done involving 2 or more parties, kita perlu berbincang sebelum buat apa-apa keputusan / dah berapa lama diorang berbual kat kedai kopi tu?
3- passive condition, baju yang koyak tu belum berjahit / saya ada banyak data yang belum bertaip

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BER + Number 1 use

number of people, used with pronoum, kitorang bertiga nak pergi Kuala Selangor lusa, nak ikut? / jom pergi tengok wayang, kita berdua je, jangan ajak orang lain / berpuluh orang pelajar tak datang ke kolej hari ni

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get well soon

Semoga cepat sembuh

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supposed to

sepatutnya

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half German

separuh Jerman

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potato salad with sausage

salad kentang dan sosej

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duck

itik

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backed duck (Ente in Ofen gebacken)

itik bakar

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public holiday

cuti umum

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to live

hidup

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I will have to change the time

saya akan kena tukar masa

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uses (verwendung)

kegunaan

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talk to yourself (selbstgespräch)

cakap sorang

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crazy

gila

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lecture

kuliah

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to invite (einladen mitzukommen, oder etwas mitzumachen)

ajak

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to invite (einladen zu einer Feier, Party)

jemput

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to treat (pay for someone), to spend money

belanja

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I want to invite you for dinner

saya nak belanja awak makan malam

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dich einladen zu irgendwas (und für dich bezahlen)

belanja awak + verb

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there are no rules

takde peraturan

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waiter

waiter, pelayan

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sum, amount

jumlah

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service charge

caj servis

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fixed salary

gaji tetap

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new government

kerajaan baru

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infrastructure

infrastruktur

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tax (Steuer)

cukai

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tax and insurance are automaticly deducted from the salary

cakai dan insurans ditolak dari gaji automatik

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at the same time

pada masa yang sama

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private clinic

klinik swastA

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torn (zerrissen)

koyak

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to wrap

balut

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funny

kelakar

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including

termasuk

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included

termasukkan

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I have a big house

saya ada rumah besar (saya berumah besar)

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that man doesnt have hair (is bald)

lelaki tu takde rambut, lelaki tu tak berambut (lelaki tu botak)

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this child doesnt have a family

budak ni takde keluarga, budak ni tak berkeluarga

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he has a lot of money

dia ada banyak duit, dia berduit

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he is not good in biking

dia tak pandai naik basikal, dia tak pandai berbasikal

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that german person can speak malay fluently

orang jerman tu boleh cakap/guna bahasa melayu dengan fasih (lancar), orang jerman tu boleh berbahasa melayu dengan fasih (lancar)

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that chicken produce eggs every week

ayam tu hasilkan telur setiap minggu, ayam tu bertelur setiap hari

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my beard is already long, so I need to shave

jambang saya dah panjang, jadi saya perlu bercukur

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are you not tired? work until the middle of the need

awak tak penat ke? bekerja sampai tengah malam

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we need to talk before making any decision

kita perlu berbincang sebelum buat apa-apa keputusan

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how many time already they chat in that coffee shop?

dah berapa lama diorang berbual kat kedai kopi tu?

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we 3 will go to KL after tomorrow, you want to follow?

kitorang bertiga nak pergi KL lusa. Nak ikut?

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dozens (many tens) students didnt come to the lecture today

berpuluh orang pelajar tak datang ke kuliah hari ni

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lets go to the beach, we 2 only, dont invite other people

jom pergi kat pantai, kita berdua je, jangan ajak orang lain

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I have a lot of data that are not typed yet?

saya ada banyak data yang belum bertaip

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why this gift is not wrapped? tomorrow we want already to give to him

kenapa hadiah ni tak berbalut? esok kita dah nak bagi kat dia

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I need to pee

saya perlu kencing

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I need to shit

saya perlu berak

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I need to vomit

saya perlu muntah

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I need to fart

saya perlu kentut

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to stand/ to hold

tahan

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actual, actually

sebenar, sebenarnya

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to fall

jatuh

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to hit

langgar

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sorry, I accidentally read your message just now

maaf, saya terbaca mesej awak tadi

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that baby accidentally pee because he cant hold

baby tu terkencing sebab dia tak tahan

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In that test I wrote “2”, but the actual answer is “4”

dalam ujian tu, saya tertulis “2”, tapi jawapan sebenar dia “4”

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that laptop that I bought accidentaly fall because my older sister hit it

laptop yang saya beli tu terjatuh sebab kakak saya langgar

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mother accidentaly add (put in) nut in that food. Father cannot eat nuts. He is allergic with nuts.

mak terisi kacang dalam makanan tu. ayah tak boleh makan kacang. dia alergik dengan kacang.

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to lift up (anheben)

angkat

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to manage

urus

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baggage

bagasi

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to control

kawal

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lately

akhir-akhir ni

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recently

baru-baru ni

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it is impossible for me to read, that messages yours that is long

tak terbaca saya, mesej awak yang panjang ni

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that child cannot lift the baggage that is heavy

budak tu tak terangkat bagasi yang berat tu

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impossible to do ….

tak ter + verb …

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they have too many Schüler in that class until it is impossible to control

diaorang ada banyak sangat murid dalam kelas tu sampai tak terkawal

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the highest building in the world is in Dubai

bangunan tertinggi kat dunia ada kat Dubai

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3 uses for ter

1- ter + verb 1 = accidental, unintertional
2- ter + verb 2 = (used with tak) impossible to do
ter + adj = superlative

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I already did my best in that driving licence test

saya dah buat yang terbaik dalam ujian memandu tu

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did you already hear the latest news about him?

awak dah dengar berita terbaru tentang dia?

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around Berlin

sekeliling Berlin

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plaudern, sich unterhalten (3 verschieden Wörter)

bersembang, berbual, berborak

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pedestrian street (lane)

laluan pejalan kaki

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waschmittel

sabun pencuci

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dry

kering

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maid

pembantu rumah

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teacher assistant

penolong guru

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stellvertretender Klassenleiter

penolong ketua kelas

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leader, chief

ketua

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Aroma

penyedap rasa

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darf ich Sie bitten

tumpang tanya

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passenger

penumpang

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total

jumlah

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sebagai

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quiet

diam

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to watch

tonton

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2 ways to use PEN

1- the person who does an action (driver, reader)

2- the tool used to perform an action (broom, eraser)

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3 exeptions

1- pekerja
2- pelari
3- pejalan kaki

Handwerker (sometimes also used instead of PEN)

tukang

cook (not professional)

tukang masak

dryer

mesin pengering

water cooker

cerek pemanas air

conjugate in PEN form cinta

pencinta

conjugate in PEN form sayang

penyayang

conjugate in PEN form curi

pencuri

conjugate in PEN form perhati (to observe)

pemerhati

conjugate in PEN form kerja

pekerja

conjugate in PEN form bantu (help)

pembantu

conjugate in PEN form tolong

penolong

conjugate in PEN form main

pemain

conjugate in PEN form potong (cut)

pemotong

conjugate in PEN form tutup

penutup

conjugate in PEN form malu (shy)

pemalu

conjugate in PEN form sedap

penyedap

conjugate in PEN form daki (to climb)

pendaki

conjugate in PEN form tumpang (overlap)

penumpang

conjugate in PEN form belajar

pelajar

who is the cook for that wedding ceremony?

siapa tukang masak untuk majlis kahwin tu?

now, it is easier for us to cook rice because we have an electric rice cooker

sekarang, lebih senang untuk kita masak nasi sebab kita ada alat pemasak nasi ele

every year, Ali will buy 5 to 6 collections of novels from this famous writer

setiap tahu, Ali akan beli koleksi novel daripada penulis terkenal ni

how many total passengers maximum for this electric bus?

berapa jumlah penumpang maksimum bas ekspres ni?

did you buy the can opener that I order just now?

awak ada beli alat pembuka tin yang saya pesan tadi?

after one month learning the Malay language, I can speak Malay as a beginner

selepas sebulan belajar bahasa Melayu, saya boleh cakap bahasa Melayu sebagai pemula

ecemple of a sentence

contoh ayat

many people from Indonesia come to Malaysia and work as a maid

banyak orang dari Indonesia datang ke Malaysia dan bekerja sebagai pembantu rumah

whom is the assistant from the class leader in this class?

siapa penolong ketua kelas dalam kelas ni?

climber must be careful when climb that mountain when it is rainy season

pendaki mesti hati-hati bila naik gunung tu bila musim hujan

young brother Rosman is shy and quiet, he doesnt speak much

adik Rosman pemalu dan pendiam, dia tak banyak cakap

the ambition from my brother, before, he wanted to become a football player, but now he is a doctor

cita-cita abang saya, dulu, dia nak jadi pemain bola sepak, tapi sekarang dia doktor

full

penuh

short

pendek

to like (something)

gemar

to create, invent

cipta

1990 s

1990-an

one day (in the future)

satu hari nanti

novel ni saya tulis. saya …. novel ni

penulis

hobi dia lukis gambar. dia nak jadi ….satu hari nanti

pelukis

orang yang guna jalan raya, kita panggil ….jalan raya

pengguna

bilik adik saya bersih setiap masa. dia ….

pembersih

cinema

panggung wayang

banyak orang cuti hari ni, jadi panggung wayang penuh dengan …

penonton

saya nak kenal orang yang buat filem pendek ni. syarikat mana ….. filem ni?

pembuat

anak sedara lelaki saya gemar makan makanan India. dia … makanan India

penggemar

komposer terkenal Awie cipta lagu ni tahun 1990-an. Awie … lagu ni

pencipta

construction site

tapak pembinaan

every thing is expensive

setiap benda mahal

to rent

sEwa

adress

alamat

change the place of residence (Wohnort oder Wohnung wechseln)

tukar tempat tinggal

to move

pindah

there are not enough apartments

takde cukup apartment

modern

moden

multi cultural

berbilang bangsa

church

gereja

dont have a work permit

takde permit kerja

to continue to stay (keep staying, sitting)

sambung duduk

developed

maju

developing

membangun

labor (Arbeit)

buruh

fruit farm

ladang buah

labor worker (Arbeiter)

pekerja buruh

middle east

timur tengah

nurse

jurawat

employer

majikan

employee

pekerja

emperor

maharaja

election

pilihan raya

to vote

undi

extravagant

boros

prime minister

perdana menteri

army

tentera

soldier

family business

bisnes keluarga

war

perang

greedy

tamak

civil war

perang saudara

dictator

diktator

2 usages for prefix Ke

1 - ke + number = form ordinal number

2- ke + number-+number = both, all three, all four etc..

race (running)

lumba lari

Holland

Belanda

what number

keberapa

Egypt

Mesir

to apply

mohon

all

kesemua

I got the 9th place in that race

saya dapat tempat kesembilan dalam lumba lari tu

Holland is the 24th country that I have ever been

Belanda negara ke-24 yang saya pernah pergi

you bought a new house again? That is the “wievielte” house?

awak beli rumah baru lagi? tu rumah keberapa?

all 4 students in that class come from Cairo, Egypt

keempat-empat orang pelajar dalam kelas tu datang dari Cairo, Mesir

all foreign workers in this country must apply (for) a work permit before coming for start to work

kesemua pekerja asing kat negara ni mesti mohon permit kerja sebelum datang untuk mula bekerka

date

tarikh

did you get your money back?

awak dapat duit balik?

beard

jambang

flood

banjir

overcast, bedecken

mendung

flash flood

banjir kilat

irrigation system

sistem pengairan

to pass

lalu

This is because of the heavy rain and the river suddenly overflowing

Ni sebab hujan lebat dan sungai tiba-tiba melimpah

to overflow

melimpah

suddenly

tiba-tiba

water flows fast

Air mengalir laju

27th (for the day of the month)

27 hari bulan

27th this month

27 hari bulan ni

destination

destinasi

criminal

penjenayah

crime

jenayah

district

daerah

common people

orang biasa

government

kerajaan

the government give a bit money for live

kerajaan bagi duit sikit untuk hidup

for people that are in Germany legally

untuk orang yang ada kat Jerman secara sah

legally

secara sah

there are many people that dont have a place to stay

ada banyak orang yang takde tempat tinggal

homeless people

gelandangan

dangerous

bahaya

which number?

nombor berapa = keberapa

turkey

ayam Belanda

soursop (Stachelmelone)

durian Belanda

jackfruit

nangka

small and round jackfruit

cempedak

Asian market

pasar Asia

import/export

import/eksport

confused

keliru

guest

tetamu

thank you very much

terima kasih banyak-banyak

millions of thanks (formal)

jutaan terima kasih

luxurious

mEwah

indeed

memang

to deserve, qualify

layak

to object, widersprechen

bantah

mosquito

nyamuk

I was biten from a mosquito

saya kena gigit dengan nyamuk

millipeded, tausendfüssler

lipan

cockroach

lipas

bee

lebah

wasp, Wespe

tebuan

guru besar tengah berucap kat depan, …. dia membosankan

ucapan

adik tulis satu cerita pada kertas, tapi saya tak boleh baca langsung, sebab … dia buruk

tulisan

semalam dia dah bayar untuk kelas dengan Paypal. awak dah terima … tu?

bayaran

to raise

pelihara

adik Neelofa suka pelihara haiwan eksotik. dia ada banyak haiwan ….

peliharaan

saya kena sengat dengan tebuan. …. tebuan sangat-sangat bahaya

sengatan

untuk uji bahasa Inggeris pelajar, cikgu akan buat satu … besok

ujian

ini bukan air ….. ini air mineral

minuman

adik rakam video binatang-binatang bila pergi zoo dan simpan semua ….. tu dalam komputer

the younger sibling record a video from animals while he go to the zoo and save all the recordings in the computer

head master

guru besar

to accept, receive

terima

to rear (aufziehen, grossziehen)

pelihara

to sting (for insects)

sengat

to record

rakam

meaning and use from verb + an

verb + an = noun

to decorate, decoration

hias, hiasan

to write, writing

tulis, tulisan

to smile, the smile

senyum, senyuman

to save, the savings

simpan, simpanan

to push, the pushing (force)

tolak, tolakan

to cook, the cooking

masak, masakan

to drink, the drink

minum, minuman

to wear, the clothes

pakai, pakaian

to think, the thoughts

fikir, fikiran

to teach, the teaching

ajar, ajaran

to play, the toy

main, mainan

to wash, the laundry

cuci, cucian

to sing, the singing

nyanyi, nyanyian

to biy, the purchase

beli, belian

to sell, the sale

jual, jualan

to build, the building

bina, binaan

to try, the attempt/the try

cuba, cubaan

meaning year/age + an xxxx s 1990s teens

xxxx-an 1990-an

in the 1990s

tahun 1990-an

meaning tens, hundreds, thousands, millions

belasan, ratusan, ribuan, jutaan

the price is hundreds of Ringgit

harga ratusan Ringgit

thousands of guests

ribuan tetamu

sea, ocean (wide)

laut, lautan

noun-noun+ an

group of things buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, bunga-bungaan

to sink

tenggelam

to collapse

runtuh

we didnt expect

(kami) tak jangka

roof

atap, bumbung

affected

terkesan

south-east asia

asia tenggara

to involve

melibat

involves, involved

melibatkan

confident, absolutly sure

yakin

10 sqare meter

10 meter persegi

just in case

untuk berjaga-jaga

authentic

autentik, tulen

sister in law, brother in law

kakak ipar, abang ipar, adik ipar

father in law, mother in law

ayah mertua, emak mertua

theme park

taman tema

departure

perlepasan

arrival

ketibaan

arrival time

masa ketibaan

arrival of the guests

ketibaan tetamu

the fall of the dolar

kejatuhan dolar

the Lira is falling

Lira tengah jatuh

to melt

cair

workshop (Werkstatt)

bengkel

how is his situation at the hospital?

macam mana keadaan dia kat hospital?

how is the covid situation?

macam mana keadaan covid? = macam mana situasi covid?

exception

pengecualian

except

kecuali

to watch

tengok = lihat (more formal)

seat belt

tali pinggang keledar

meeting

mesyuarat

friendship

persahabatan

am, is, are, were

adalah (with all except noums, ialah (with nouns), but is spoken Malay only adalah is used

change an adjectif to be a noun

ke + adjectif + an

beautiful, the beauty

cantik, kecantikan

busy, the bustle

sibuk, kesibukan

clean, the cleanliness

bersih, kebersihan

sweet, the sweetness

manis, kemanisan

brave, the bravery

berani, keberanian

honest, the honesty

jujur, kejujuran

high, the height

tinggi, ketinggian

afraid, the fear

takut, ketakutan

poor, the poverty

miskin, kemiskian

cold, the coldness

sejuk, kesejukan

fast, the speed

laju, kelajuan

furniture

perabot

to measure

ukur

to take care

jaga

issue

isu

authentic, pure

tulEn

among one of the

antara

before buying furniture, better if we measure the width of that door

sebelum beli perabot, lebih baik kalau kita ukur lEbar pintu ni

I’m afraid, hard for us to bring it in later

saya takut, susah untuk kita bawak masuk nanti

do you know how long the the second Pulau Pinang bridge is?

awak tahu panjang jambatan kedua Pulau Pinang berapa?

to count the BMI, we need weight and height for us to put in the formula

untuk kira BMI, kita perlukan berat dan tinggi untuk kita masukkan dalam formula

the teacher says we must take care of the cleanliness of the class all the time

cikgu cakap kita mesti jaga kebersihan kelas setiap masa

poverty is among one of the big issues in this country

kemiskinan antara satu isu besar yang ada kat negara ni

how do we want to know the authenticity of this old money?

macam mana kita nak tahu ketulEnan duit lama ni?

he is (in the state of being) sad because his father in law just passed away

dia kesedihan sebab ayah mertua dia baru je meninggal dunia

we were (in the state of being) happy when we got to know that we will go to Disneyland

kitaorang kegembiraan bila dapat tahu kitaorang akan pergi ke Disneyland

they all (in the state of being) hungry and thirsty after one week not have food

mereka semua kelaparan dan kehausan selepas seminggu tak ada makanan

the students all run away afraid after seeing a tiger enter the school area

pelajar semua lari ketakutan selepas nampak harimau masuk kawasan sekolah

entrance (school, company)

kemasukan

situation, condition

keadaan

not present, abscence

tak hadir, ketakhadiran

not fair, unfairness

tak adil, ketakadilan

not perfect, imperfection

tak sempurna, ketaksempurnaan

use of Pen, Per, Pe….an

english gerund (noun) ING

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Malay Unit 15 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM