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Oh no- Infections > Malaria, travel-related infections, zoonoses, weird infections & vaccines > Flashcards

Malaria, travel-related infections, zoonoses, weird infections & vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 different types of malaria

A

Plasmodium…

Falciparum

OVale

Vivax

Malarie

Knowseli

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2
Q

what type of malaria is resistant to choloquine

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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3
Q

what antibitoic can be used as prophylaxis for malaria

A

doxycycline

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4
Q

what types of mosquitoe cause malaria

A

female anopheles

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5
Q

what different types of viruses do the anophales and aedes mosquitoes caues

A

anophales -> malaria

aedes -> yellow & dengue fever & zika

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6
Q

where is malaria mainly distrubuted

A

Subsaharan africa

SE asia

India

central & south america

each type is more prominent in a different area

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7
Q

what are the 3 stages of malaria life cycles

A

Mosquitoe

Exo-erythrocytic

Erytrhocytic

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8
Q

regarding differences in their life cycle, what are differences between each type of malaria

A

Duration of erythrocytic cycle

Cytoadherance

Hypno-zoite stages

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9
Q

which cells do the plasmodium infect first?

A

Hepatocyte

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10
Q

what 2 types of plasmodium can have leave hypno-zoites in hepatocytes?

A

Ovale & vivax

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11
Q

what type of plasmodium has the highest mortality & why

A

Flaciparum

Cause of cytoadherance

the rbcs become ‘more sticky’ which can lead to vascular occluison, ischemia and inflammation

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12
Q

what type of plasmodium involves cytoaherance

A

falciparum

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13
Q

what are some of the common symptoms of malaria

A

Fever

Headhace

General malaise

Muscle aches

Fatigue

Sweating

Dry cough

N& V

Splenmogelay

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14
Q

what organ can become enlarged in malaria

A

spleen

causing spleenomegaly

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15
Q

what can severe malaria cause

A

Seizures

haemolytic anaemia

jaundice

Bleeding

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16
Q

how can severe malaria cause jaundice

A

haemolytic anaemia

RBCs are broken down and bilirubin is released

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17
Q

what commonlky occurs in the blood due to malaria

A

Thrombocytopeina

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18
Q

what are good severity markers for malaria in bloood

if high or low -> increased moratlity

A

Hypo-glycemia (not enough BG)

Hyper-parasitemia (too much parasites)

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19
Q

What is the gold-standard investigation for malaria

what are the different types

A

Peripheral blood films

Can be thick or thin

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20
Q

how is malaria treated for normal & sevre cases

A

Normal

Artemether -> plasmodium

Choloquine -> other types

Severe

IV artesunate or IV Quinine + doxycycline

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21
Q

Artemether can be used to treat what type of malaria

A

falciparum

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22
Q

choloquine can be used to treat what type of malaria

A

all other than facliparum

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23
Q

what 2 drugs are used as prophylaxis for malaria

A

Malarone & doxycycline

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24
Q

what are the important things to ask in a travel history

A

Excat dates

Countries visited

Transport

Activities

Medications & vaccines

Exposure

Accomodation

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25
Q

give examples of water-related infections

A

leptospirosis

Schistomsomiasis

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26
Q

sandflies can cause what type of infection

A

leishmianosis

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27
Q

traveled to flooded area

calf pain & sore red eyes

treated with benzypenicilin

a zoonose

whats this

A

leptospirosis

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28
Q

walked a lot barefoot in india

now has aneamia

whats this

A

hookworm

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29
Q

grey-coating on tonsils

Lots of cervical lymphadenopaty

whats this

A

diptheria

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30
Q

petechiae

Severe headache

thrombocytopenia

caused from aedes mosquiote

diagnosed via tournique test

whats this

A

dengue fever

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31
Q

what type of infection caused by aedes mosqutoe that has a breif period of remission between symptoms

A

yellow fever

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32
Q
A
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33
Q

what is petechiae

A

pinpoint spots on skin due to bleeding

34
Q

swimmers rash

utricaria

likes snails

can cause squamous cell bladder cancer

whats this

A

schistomsomiasis

35
Q

drank unclean water

had constipation and now diarrhoea

whats this & what causes it

A

typhoid fever

samlonella typhi

36
Q

tiny wee head

conjunctivits

whats this

37
Q

before you go traveling, what vaccines should you get

A

tetanus

polio

typhoid

yellow fever

cholrea

Hep. B

38
Q

is there a Hep C vaccine?

39
Q

what is the ABCD of malaria prevention

A

A- Awareness of risk

B- Bite prevention

C- Chemoprophylaxis (malarone & doxycycline)

D- Diagnosis & treatment

40
Q

what can be used for bite prevention

A

Covering up skin

Mosquitoe nets

DEET spray

41
Q

falciparum is the most common type of malaria, what is the second most

42
Q

what type of malaria can cause nephrotic syndrome

43
Q

what type of fever can malaria cause

A

fever on alternating days

44
Q

Tetanus vaccine

  1. how many courses you need
  2. what to give if they’ve had full course <10y ago
  3. what to give if they’ve had full couse but >10y ago
  4. what to give if unkwon vaccination history
  5. how much should you give for neck/muscle spasms
A
  1. 5
  2. just clean the wound

3 & 4. booster +/- 1g

  1. 1g
45
Q

what vaccine should you get 2 weeks before a splenectomy

A

Pneumococcal

46
Q

what vaccines are offered to pregnant ladies

A

Influenza & pertussis

47
Q

hypersalivation

Muscle spasms

can lead to acute encephalitis

has an inactivated vaccine

whats this

48
Q

who can’t get a live-attenuated vaccine

A

those immunocomprimised

HIV

Long-term steroids

IBD

49
Q

give examples of these types of vacciens

  1. live attenuated
  2. inactivated
  3. toxoid
  4. subunit & conjugate
A

1.

yellow fever

MMR

BCG

influenza (internasal)

2.

INfluenxa (IM)

Hep. A

Rabies

3.

Teatanus

perTusis

dipTheria

4.

Pneumococcal & menigiococcal

Hepp. B

50
Q

examples of toxoid vaccines all have what letter in them

51
Q

what must you test for before you give someonw a BCG vaccine

A

if they’ve got TB -> tuberculin skin test

cause the vaccine could cause a false postive result

52
Q

what vaccines are included in the 6-in-1 vaccine

A

Diptheria

Pertussis

H. influeza (type B)

Polio

Hep B

Tetanus

(All the toxoids + polio, hep B & H. influnzae)

53
Q

what can be given for passive immunisation

when are they used

A

Human normal Ig (HNIG)

Disease speciific Ig (DSIG)

used for boosters or immunodeficiencies

54
Q

what book can be used for vaccines

A

green book

56
Q

for the hep vaccines, what types are Hep A and Hep B

A

A -> inActivated

B- subunit/conjugate

57
Q

the 6-in-1 vaccine is also known as the…

A

Hexa-valent vaccine

58
Q

can get from sheep & cattle

common in farmers

caused by Coxiella Burnetti

whats this

59
Q

Trypansomiasis

  1. type of infection
  2. other name if Afrian
  3. other name if american
  4. why you need to do ECHO
A
  1. parasitic
  2. sleeping sickness
  3. chagas disease
  4. can cause cardiomyopathy
60
Q

what investigation do you have to do for trypanoosmiasis (chagas disease)

A

ECHO

risk of cardiomyoptahty

61
Q

why is african trypanosomiasis also known as sleeping sickness

A

cause it can cause excessive fatigue

62
Q

blood diarrhoea

“anchovy sauce” after draiign liver abscess

whats this

A

entamoeba histolyica

63
Q

Rose spots on abdomen

abdo pain & constipation (then diarrhoea)

Mass in LLQ

relative bradycardia

Holiday to south america maybe

maybe had someting dodgy to eat

whats this

A

Typhoid fever

caused by salmonella typhi

64
Q

an andominal mass in the LLQ can be caused by malaria or typhoid fever, what can this be

A

splenomegaly

65
Q

hypopigmented spots

lost touch sensation

maybe an imigrant

AKA Hansen’s disease

66
Q

why can leptospirosis be spread in flooded areas & why are sewage workers most at risk

A

if floods then all the sewage is washed around too

the sewers have lots of rats that need to piss

it is spread via rat urine

67
Q

what type of protozoa infection is the reason why pregnant ladies need to avoid cat litter

it can mimic an acute EBV infection

A

toxoplasmosis gondali

68
Q

what is a smiliarity between typhoid fever and legionnaries

A

can both cause relative bradycardia

70
Q

what investigation can be done for a virus

71
Q

what are zoonoses

A

infectiosn that can pass from animals to humans

but DON’T rely on humans as part of their life cycle

72
Q

is malaria a zoonose?

A

No

cause it relies on humans as part of it’s life cycle

73
Q

what are these zoonoses:

  1. Farmer, swinging fever, unpasturised milk
  2. target sign rash, loves a hike
  3. flooding, HUS, calf pain, fisherman
A
  1. brucellosis
  2. lymes
  3. leptospirosis
74
Q

what causes lymes

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

75
Q

what neuro complication can lymes cause & what are the signs

A

neuroborrelisosis

Facial nerve palsy

Radicular pain

76
Q

zoonoses are when infections from animals infect humans, what’s it called when it’s the opposite way around

A

anthroponosis

77
Q

what are 3 different types of leismaniasis

what are some features of each one

A

cutaneous -> crusty lesions & ulvers

Mucocutaneous -> gums and shite

Visceral -> massive splenomehaly, grey skin, from the med

78
Q

what type of organism is boriella burgdoferi

A

spirochete

79
Q

what investigation can you do for lymes and when

A

ELISA serology

when it’s expected but can’t find rash

80
Q

when do you need to start doxy for lymes

A

only if there’s the classic rash

Oh no- Infections (13 decks)

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