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HIV & AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 steps of the HIV (or any virus) life cycle

A

A FuckeR I AM

  1. Attachment
  2. Fusion
  3. reverse transcription
  4. integration
  5. assembly
  6. maturation
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2
Q

can you spread HIV if your viral load is low

A

no way howsay

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3
Q

where in the world is HIV most common

A

subsaharan africa

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4
Q

how many folk in UK have HIV

may be more eh

A

90,000 -> 100,000

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5
Q

is HIV a notificable disease

A

no

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6
Q

can HIV & AIDS increase your risk of getting cancer?

A

yeah

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7
Q

what are opportunistic infections

A

those that usually dont affect folk with a healthy immune system

so only affect those who are immunosuppressed

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8
Q

what is the name of HIV treatmetn

A

HAART or cART

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy or Combined antiretroviral therapy

need at least 3 drugs of 2 diveretn classes

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

how many drugs do you need in HAART

A

3 from at least 2 different classes

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11
Q

once HIV is diagnosed, when should you start treatment

A

ASAP

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12
Q

what prophlactic vaccines can be used alongisde HAART

A

Flu (yearly)

penuomoccal

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13
Q

what are like the 2 main eye shite associated with AIDS

A

CMV retinitis

HSV retinits

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14
Q

what eye associated AIDS problems are these…

  1. “pizza pie” & flame haemorrages
  2. branch-like pattern, watery, stains on fluroscein
A
  1. CMV retinits
  2. HSV retinits
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15
Q

seizures with AIDS is likely to be due to…

A

Cryptocococcal meningitis

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16
Q

cryptococooal meningitis

  1. how can it present
  2. what you see on an LP
  3. what stains it
A
  1. seizures in AIDS
  2. yeast
  3. india ink
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17
Q

if someone is on cART and they get a ‘sudden weakness’

what is this likely to be and why

A

stroke or TIA

HAART increases chance of stroke

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18
Q

if someone is being treated with HAART and then develops shite like kaposi sarcoma, what must you ask them

A

if they’re taking HAART as they should be

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19
Q

what does kaposi sarcoma look like

A

palpable pulple lesions

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20
Q

oral hairy leukoplakia can occur in HIV

what is the opportunistic infection that causes it

A

EBV

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21
Q

in somone who’s pregnant and has HIV, why must you check the viral load

A

determines if C-section is needed

>50 then C-section

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

what is the opportunisitc infetion that causes kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV-8

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24
Q

what can be offered after gay sex to reduce chance of HIV

regardless of HIV status

A

Post exposre prophylaxis

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25
26
what opportunisitc infectiosn can occur with the following CD4 counts... 1. 500-200 2. 200-100 3. 100-50 4. \>50
1. Oral thrush shingles (HSV) Oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV) Kaposi sacroma (HHV-8) 2. cryptospirosis (dirrhoea) Cerebral toxoplasmosis PML PJP 3. Oesophageal candiasis Aspergillous CNS lymphoma 4. CMV retinits Mycobacterim acium
27
what are the CD4 counts for when these brain issues can occur in HIV 1. cerebral toxoplasmosis 2. CNS lymphoma 3. PML (progressive multifoal enceophalopahty)
1 & 3. 200-100 2. 100-50
28
what infection do you only get if CD4 count is very low (\>50) and how may it present
**mycobacterium avium** abdo pain & high ALP
29
what does PML stand for regarding HIV what virus causes it what does it look like on MRI
Progressice mulifocal encephalopathy James Cunningham virus Mulitofocal non-enhancing Demylimationg lesions
30
what type of infections usually occur when CD4 count is 100-50
fungal shite aspergillosus & oesophageal candidosis
31
if you get stabbed by a needle after taking blood from someone with HIV... 1. what do you do first 2. where do you refer yourself 3. when do you need post-exposure prophylaxis 4. how long you take HAART
1. encourgae bleeding 2. ED 3. within 72hours 4. 4 weeks
32
33
has HIV worsening speech & behaviour poor coordination Mulitofocal non-enhancing demyelinating lesions on MRI what is this
PML due to JC virus
34
what opporrtunisitc infection that can occur in HIV is common after renal transplants
CMV
35
has HIV headaches & confusions ring enhancing lesions on CT treated with pyrimethamine + sulphadiazine for 6 weeks what is this
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
36
on brain imaging, what do the following look like... PML Cerebral toxoplamsosis CNS lymphoma
PML -\> non-enhancing lesions cerebral toxoplasmosis -\> enhancing lesions CNS lumphoam -\> homogenous enhancing lesions
37
what can be done to treat CNS lymphoma
whole brain stimulation
38
child with HIV acially and cervical lymphadenopahty big tonsils what is this
Kaposi sarcoma maybe rash more common in adults
39
advanced HIV (low CD4 count) swallowing problems what is this
oesophageal candidiosis
40
for pts who are asymptomatic and think they have HIV, when do you test for p24 antigen
4 weeks AND 12 weeks
41
what is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS
**PJP** Pneumocystis Jivoreci Pneumonia
42
how does PJP present
Desatutations on exertion Dry cough SOB Cyanosis Fever Bilaterla hilar infiltrates on CXR
43
what investigations would you do for PJP
CXR O2 sats (exercise induced) Broncho-alveolar levage (best)
44
**PJP management** 1. normal cases 2. severe cases 3. if hypoxic (\<92%)
1. co-trimoxazole 2. pentamadine 3. steroids
45
what type of staining do you do for PJP
silver
46
what are the SEs for co-trimoxazole
Agranulocytosis SJS
47
what widespread rash is this that can occur in HIV
toxic exanthema
48
what is a normal CD4 count and when shoudl you start treatment
normal= \>500 treatment= \<350
49
what can be done to try and prevent getting HIV
Safer sex Circiumcission
50
what can cause HIV
sex vertical transmission (mother -\> baby) IV drugs Needle sharing Bodily fluid exposure Blood transfusions Organ transplants
51
what 2 investigations do you do to diagnosis HIV which one is first and why
p24 antigen & HIV antibody tests antigen first cause antiboidies take time to develop
52
what are the HIV-related investgiations
p24 antigen (first) HIV antibiodoies Viral load CD4 count HIV resistance test
53
54
what HIV investigation is used for... 1. checkign effectiveness of HAART 2. checkign which HAART is best to use
1. HIV viral load 2. HIV resistance test
55
what genes are the 2 targets for the HIV treatments why are they targets (some immunology)
gp-120 -\> HIV glycoprotein CCR-5 -\> cofactor
56
what are the sort of clinical stages of HIV
1. just some lymphadenopathy 2. recurrent infections & some weight loss 3. sevre infections, skin lesiosn, severe weight loss 4. PJP, lymphoma...
57
types of HIV drugs inhibit what different things...
Nucleoside & non-nucleoside reverse transcription Fusion Protease Integrase
58
what can HIV do to platelets
thrombocytopenia
59
what are the different types of drugs used in HHART
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibtior Non-nuslceoside reverse transcriptase inhibtior Fusion inhibitor Protease inhibtiors Integrase inhibtiors Chemokine antagonsits (rememeber need 3 drugs of at least 2 different classes)
60
how do the following HIV meds work: ## Footnote 1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibtior 2. Non-nuslceoside reverse transcriptase inhibtior 3. Fusion inhibitor 4. Protease inhibtiors 5. Integrase inhibtiors 6. Chemokine antagonsits
1 & 2. prevent transcription (RNA -\> DNA) 3. stop HIV from fusing 4. prevents progression 5. stop HIV integrating with CD4 chromosomes 6. inhibits co-factor (CCR-5 gene)
61
whats like the non-inhibitior HIV treatment
chemokine antagonist
62
what is the suffix of all protease inhibitors
**Navir** "Never tease a pro"
63
what is the reason that you use 3 drugs in HAART?
reduce chances of drug resistance

Oh no- Infections (13 decks)

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