Antibitotics Flashcards
what abxs are used to treat these resp infections…
- IECOPD
- Uncomplicated CAP
- Atypical pneumonia
- HAI
- amox or clarith
- amox & clarith
- clarith
4.
<5 days = co-amox
>5days = tazocin
what abxs are used to treat these urinary infections…
- lower UTI
- acute pyleonpehritis
- acute prostatitis
- trimeth or nitro
- co-axmox (7days) or 1. (14 days)
- trimeth
what abxs are used to treat these GI infections…
- camplyobacter
- salmonella
- shigella
- clairthomyicn
- ciprofloxacin
what abxs are used to treat these skin infections…
- impetigo
- cellulitis
- eryspieals
- mastitis
- animal or human bite
1.
1st line - hydrogen peroxide
2nd line -> fluclox
- co-amox or fluxclox
3 & 4. fluclox
- co-amox for 3 days
how long do you take co-amox for an animal or human bite
3 days
what abxs are used to treat these ENT infections…
- throat infections & sinusitis
- ottits externa
- ottis media
- ginigvitis
- phenoxymethyl-penicllin
- fluxlox or cipro (if pseudomonas)
3 & 4. amox
- metronidazole
what antibiotcs are used to treat these ear problems
- ottis externa
- ottits media
- fluxcolx
- amox
what abxs are used to treat these GUM infections…
- gonorrhoea
- chlamydia
- PID
- syphillis
- BV
- IM ceftriaxone
- doxycyline or azithromycin
- metronidazole + doxyccline + IM ceftriaxone
- benzylpenicillin or doxy or erythro
- metronidazole
when in doubt, what abx is always used in pregnancy
erythromycin
what 3 abxs are used to treat PID
doxy
metro
ceftriaxone
what abx can increase risk of seizure
ciprofloxacin
for ottisis externa, when is cirpo used it
if pseudomonas is the cause
what are SEs of tetracyclinces e.g. doxy
teeth disclouration
photosensitivity
black hairy tongue
give examples of abxs that can’t be ussed if you’ve got a PA
amox
fluclox
co-amox
any peniciln
what abxs can be used if you’ve got a PA
erythromycin
clarithromycin
if you’re using abxs for a long time, what 4 things must you always ask yourslef
should I…
stop -> still got the infection?
oral switch -> IV still needed?
change -> to one with a narrower specturm
continue -> if needed eh
what are the 3 ways in which bacteria can become antibitoic resitant
destroying the abxs
blocking abx from entering cells
changing the target site
what are the 3 modes of action of antibitiocts and gvie examples
Inhibiting synthesis of…
cell-wall
B-lactams
Glycopeptides
protein
aminoglycosides
macrolides
DNA
quinolones
co-trimoxacole
what 3 thigns can abxs inhibit to work
synthesis of…
protein
cell wall
DNA
what are the different classes of antimicrobials
Antibiotics
B-lactams (penicllins & cephalosporins)
aminoglycosides
glycopeptides
macolides
quinoloes
other
anti-fungals
anti-virals
anti-protozoals
penicllins and cephalopsporins are both what class
B-lactams
before prescribing an abx, what do you have to consider
local guidelines
Previous cultures & sensistivities
Causative organism
Host (the patient)
Site/location
bacteria in bones and IV lines is most likely to be
gram +ve
bacteria in the GI and urinary tract is most likely to be
gram -ve
whats a rough guide to do an IVOST (iv oral switch)
Fever goes away for at least 1 day
been on IV for >24hrs
whats like the main condition you prescribe an abx prior to doing any culture
meningitis
1st line abx for neutropenic sepsis
whats used if PA
Tazocin (pippercillin & tazobactam)
PA -> meropenem
what trio of abx are used for a GI infection or sepsis of unknown source
amox
met
gent
gent
why it’s an issue
what type of bacteria it’s used against
after how long you need to review
what you must take into account
chart used to tell you when to take concentrations
narrow therapeutic index
Gram -ve
3 days
age, height, sex, weight, creatinine
hartford nomogram
when can you not do an IVOST
oral site comprimsied (unsafe swallow)
sepsis is going strong
major infections (IE, meningitis…)
Neuropenic
when prescribing gent, what is the name of the chart that you use
how long after administering the 1st dose do you measure the conc
6-14hrs
what are the differences between vanc and gent regarding:
- abx type
- used against
1.
vanc -> glycopeptide
gent -> aminoglycoside
2.
vanc -> gram +ve
gent -> gram _ve
what 2 types of toxic is vanc
nephro
otto (ear)
whats like a big SE of vanc and some other drugs
what do you do
red man syndrome
stop the abx, start again at a lower dose
what type of concentration does vanc work best as
minimum inhibitory concentration
give an example of a cephalosporin
ceftriaxone
