Antibitotics

Question 1

what abxs are used to treat these resp infections…

1. IECOPD
2. Uncomplicated CAP
3. Atypical pneumonia
4. HAI

Answer 1

1. amox or clarith
2. amox & clarith
3. clarith

4.

<5 days = co-amox

>5days = tazocin

Question 2

what abxs are used to treat these urinary infections…

1. lower UTI
2. acute pyleonpehritis
3. acute prostatitis

Answer 2

1. trimeth or nitro
2. co-axmox (7days) or 1. (14 days)
3. trimeth

Question 3

what abxs are used to treat these GI infections…

1. camplyobacter
2. salmonella
3. shigella

Answer 3

1. clairthomyicn
2. ciprofloxacin

Question 4

what abxs are used to treat these skin infections…

1. impetigo
2. cellulitis
3. eryspieals
4. mastitis
5. animal or human bite

Answer 4

1.

1st line - hydrogen peroxide

2nd line -> fluclox

2. co-amox or fluxclox

3 & 4. fluclox

5. co-amox for 3 days

Question 5

how long do you take co-amox for an animal or human bite

Answer 5

3 days

Question 6

what abxs are used to treat these ENT infections…

1. throat infections & sinusitis
2. ottits externa
3. ottis media
4. ginigvitis

Answer 6

1. phenoxymethyl-penicllin
2. fluxlox or cipro (if pseudomonas)

3 & 4. amox

5. metronidazole

Question 7

what antibiotcs are used to treat these ear problems

1. ottis externa
2. ottits media

Answer 7

1. fluxcolx
2. amox

Question 8

what abxs are used to treat these GUM infections…

1. gonorrhoea
2. chlamydia
3. PID
4. syphillis
5. BV

Answer 8

1. IM ceftriaxone
2. doxycyline or azithromycin
3. metronidazole + doxyccline + IM ceftriaxone
4. benzylpenicillin or doxy or erythro
5. metronidazole

Question 9

when in doubt, what abx is always used in pregnancy

Answer 9

erythromycin

Question 10

what 3 abxs are used to treat PID

Answer 10

doxy

metro

ceftriaxone

Question 11

what abx can increase risk of seizure

Answer 11

ciprofloxacin

Question 12

for ottisis externa, when is cirpo used it

Answer 12

if pseudomonas is the cause

Question 13

what are SEs of tetracyclinces e.g. doxy

Answer 13

teeth disclouration

photosensitivity

black hairy tongue

Question 14

give examples of abxs that can’t be ussed if you’ve got a PA

Answer 14

amox

fluclox

co-amox

any peniciln

Question 15

what abxs can be used if you’ve got a PA

Answer 15

erythromycin

clarithromycin

Question 16

if you’re using abxs for a long time, what 4 things must you always ask yourslef

Answer 16

should I…

stop -> still got the infection?

oral switch -> IV still needed?

change -> to one with a narrower specturm

continue -> if needed eh

Question 17

what are the 3 ways in which bacteria can become antibitoic resitant

Answer 17

destroying the abxs

blocking abx from entering cells

changing the target site

Question 18

what are the 3 modes of action of antibitiocts and gvie examples

Answer 18

Inhibiting synthesis of…

cell-wall

B-lactams

Glycopeptides

protein

aminoglycosides

macrolides

DNA

quinolones

co-trimoxacole

Question 19

what 3 thigns can abxs inhibit to work

Answer 19

synthesis of…

protein

cell wall

DNA

Question 20

what are the different classes of antimicrobials

Answer 20

Antibiotics

B-lactams (penicllins & cephalosporins)

aminoglycosides

glycopeptides

macolides

quinoloes

other

anti-fungals

anti-virals

anti-protozoals

Question 21

penicllins and cephalopsporins are both what class

Answer 21

B-lactams

Question 22

before prescribing an abx, what do you have to consider

Answer 22

local guidelines

Previous cultures & sensistivities

Causative organism

Host (the patient)

Site/location

Question 23

bacteria in bones and IV lines is most likely to be

Answer 23

gram +ve

Question 24

bacteria in the GI and urinary tract is most likely to be

Answer 24

gram -ve

Question 25

whats a rough guide to do an IVOST (iv oral switch)

Answer 25

Fever goes away for at least 1 day

been on IV for >24hrs

Question 26

whats like the main condition you prescribe an abx prior to doing any culture

Answer 26

meningitis

Question 27

1st line abx for neutropenic sepsis

whats used if PA

Answer 27

Tazocin (pippercillin & tazobactam)

PA -> meropenem

Question 28

what trio of abx are used for a GI infection or sepsis of unknown source

Answer 28

amox

met

gent

Question 29

gent

why it’s an issue

what type of bacteria it’s used against

after how long you need to review

what you must take into account

chart used to tell you when to take concentrations

Answer 29

narrow therapeutic index

Gram -ve

3 days

age, height, sex, weight, creatinine

hartford nomogram

Question 30

when can you not do an IVOST

Answer 30

oral site comprimsied (unsafe swallow)

sepsis is going strong

major infections (IE, meningitis…)

Neuropenic

Question 31

when prescribing gent, what is the name of the chart that you use

how long after administering the 1st dose do you measure the conc

Answer 31

6-14hrs

Question 32

what are the differences between vanc and gent regarding:

1. abx type
2. used against

Answer 32

1.

vanc -> glycopeptide

gent -> aminoglycoside

2.

vanc -> gram +ve

gent -> gram _ve

Question 33

what 2 types of toxic is vanc

Answer 33

nephro

otto (ear)

Question 34

whats like a big SE of vanc and some other drugs

what do you do

Answer 34

red man syndrome

stop the abx, start again at a lower dose

Question 35

what type of concentration does vanc work best as

Answer 35

minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 37

give an example of a cephalosporin

Answer 37

ceftriaxone