Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Hematology > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five species of plasmodium that cause malaria in humans?

A
  1. falciparum
  2. vivax
  3. malariae
  4. ovale
  5. knowlesi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the distribution of p. falciparum?

A

world wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the distribution of p. vivax?

A

mostly in Asia, some in sub-Saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the distribution of p. malariae?

A

world wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the distribution of p. ovale?

A

Africa, parts of Asia, Pacific Islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the distribution of p. knowlesi?

A

Malaysia, parts of Southeast Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most of the cases of malaria are caused by what species of plasmodium?

A

falciparum and vivax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which two species of plasmodium can take on a dormant form in the liver? what is the name of this form?

A
  1. vivax and ovale

2. hypnozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the clinical feature of malaria?

A

malarial paroxysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

malarial paroxysm is associated with which phase of the plasmodium life cycle?

A

synchronous release of merozoites and lysis of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the stages of malarial paroxysm? how long is each phase?

A
  1. cold - 15-60 minutes
  2. hot - 2-6 hours
  3. sweat - 8-12 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. vivax and ovale?

A

every 48 hours (tertian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. malariae?

A

every 72 hours (quartan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. falciparum?

A

roughly every 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. knowlesi?

A

every 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the most severe form of malaria is caused by what species? why?

A
  1. falciparum

2. highest parasitemia - more than 20% of circulating RBCs can become infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most common species of plasmodium?

A

falciparum

18
Q

what is the most severe complication of of falciparum malaria?

A

cerebral malaria

19
Q

what is the incubation period for falciparum?

A

1-2 weeks

20
Q

what is the incubation period for vivax and ovale?

A

2-3 weeks

21
Q

what is the most severe complication for vivax and ovale?

A

splenic rupture

22
Q

what is the incubation period for malariae?

A

3-6 weeks

23
Q

symptomatic recrudescence occurs in which species of plasmodium?

A

malariae

24
Q

what are the three mechanisms of malarial anemia?

A
  1. RBC rupture
  2. suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines
  3. RBC destructionby spleen
25
Q

falciparum and knowlesi infect what type of RBC?

A

any type, old or young

26
Q

vivax and ovale infect which type of RBC?

A

only reticulocytes

vivax - must have Duffy blood group determinants
ovale - Duffy negative or positive

27
Q

malariae infects which type of RBC?

A

old RBCs

28
Q

what are the secondary symptoms of malaria?

A
  1. hypoglycemia / lactic acidosis - CNS depression

2. microvascular sequestration - cerebral malaria

29
Q

what are the hallmark features of falciparum on PBS?

A
  1. purple bananas!! (gametocytes)

2. multiple ring forms

30
Q

what are the hallmark features of vivax and ovale on PBS?

A
  1. pale bloated RBCs

2. Schuffner dots

31
Q

what are the hallmark features of p. malariae on PBS?

A

band forms

32
Q

babesiosis is transmitted by what vector?

A

tick

33
Q

which populations are most vulnerable to babesiosis infection?

A

elderly, asplenic, immunosuppressed

34
Q

what is the hallmark sign of babesiosis on PBS?

A

maltese cross

35
Q

what is the treatment for babesiosis?

A

quinine and clindamycin

36
Q

most of the malaria drugs target what form of the parasite?

A

asexual blood forms

37
Q

where is the only place where chloroquine can responsibly be prescribed for malaria?

A

west of the Panama Canal - Mexico, Haiti, Dominican Republic

38
Q

what is the major adverse effect of quinine?

A

hypoglycemia - induces insulin secretion

39
Q

what drug is used in areas that are resistant to chloroquine?

A

mefloquine

40
Q

which drug kills the hypnozoite forms of plasmodium?

A

primaquine

41
Q

what is the major toxicity for primaquine?

A

RBC lysis in persons with G6PD deficiency

42
Q

radical cure is necessary for following clinical cure of what species of plasmodium?

A

vivax and ovale

Year 2 Hematology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions