Immunohematology

Question 1

RBC carbohydrate antigens tend to stimulate what type of Ig?

Answer 1

IgM

Question 2

RBC protein antigens tend to stimulate what type of Ig?

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

which Ig can cross the placenta? which Ig cannot?

Answer 3

1. IgG

2. IgM

Question 4

which RBC antigen forms the building block for a person to be any blood type other than O?

Answer 4

H antigen

Question 5

what is the Bombay phenotype?

Answer 5

lack of H antigen on RBCs

Question 6

if you have just the H antigen, what blood type must you be?

Answer 6

O

Question 7

what is the universal donor for transfusing RBCs? why?

Answer 7

O - only H antigens

Question 8

which blood group forms neither A nor B antibodies?

Answer 8

AB

Question 9

what is the rarest blood type?

Answer 9

AB

Question 10

what is the main antigen of the Rh system?

Answer 10

D

Question 11

how does hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn work?

Answer 11

1. mom is Rh negative
2. baby is Rh positive
3. mom makes antibodies to D antigen for first pregnancy
4. upon second pregnancy, D antibodies attack the D antigens on baby’s RBCs

Question 12

what is RhoGAM? what does it do?

Answer 12

1. anti-D Ab given to mother prior to first birth

2. removes D positive RBCs from baby before immune system forms antibodies

Question 13

what is front type?

Answer 13

commercially made antisera that is mixed with patient RBCs to determine anti-A/B phenotype

Question 14

what is back type?

Answer 14

commercially made RBCs that are mixed with patient plasma to determine presence of anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Question 15

what tests are required for confirmation of blood type?

Answer 15

front type and back type

Question 16

what does the direct antiglobulin test (direct Coomb’s test) detect? what type of sample is used?

Answer 16

1. in vivo auto or alloantibody sensitization - IgG and/or complement on RBCs
2. patient RBCs are used

Question 17

what is a common cause of a positive DAT?

Answer 17

medications

Question 18

what does the indirect antiglobulin test (indirect Coomb’s test) detect? what type of sample is used?

Answer 18

1. detects in vitro antibody sensitization - unexpected Abs, cross matching
2. uses patient serum / plasma mixed with random donor RBCs

Question 19

a D positive patient can receive which Rh blood types?

Answer 19

D positive or D negative

Question 20

a D negative patient can receive which Rh blood types?

Answer 20

only D negative (except in emergencies)

Question 21

what type of RBCs can a type A patient receive?

Answer 21

A and O

Question 22

what type of RBCs can a type B patient receive?

Answer 22

B and O

Question 23

what type of RBCs can a type AB patient receive?

Answer 23

AB, A, B, and O

Question 24

what type of RBCs can a type O patient receive?

Answer 24

only O

Question 25

what is the universal donor for plasma?

Answer 25

AB

Question 26

what type of plasma can a type A patient receive?

Answer 26

A and AB

Question 27

what type of plasma can a type B patient receive?

Answer 27

B and AB

Question 28

what type of plasma can a type AB patient receive?

Answer 28

AB

Question 29

what type of plasma can a type O patient receive?

Answer 29

O, A, B, and AB

Question 30

what % of people who are D negative and given D positive blood will develop the anti-D Ab?

Answer 30

50-70%

Question 31

what is the universal blood type recipient?

Answer 31

AB