Immunohematology Flashcards

1
Q

RBC carbohydrate antigens tend to stimulate what type of Ig?

A

IgM

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2
Q

RBC protein antigens tend to stimulate what type of Ig?

A

IgG

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3
Q

which Ig can cross the placenta? which Ig cannot?

A
  1. IgG

2. IgM

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4
Q

which RBC antigen forms the building block for a person to be any blood type other than O?

A

H antigen

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5
Q

what is the Bombay phenotype?

A

lack of H antigen on RBCs

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6
Q

if you have just the H antigen, what blood type must you be?

A

O

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7
Q

what is the universal donor for transfusing RBCs? why?

A

O - only H antigens

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8
Q

which blood group forms neither A nor B antibodies?

A

AB

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9
Q

what is the rarest blood type?

A

AB

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10
Q

what is the main antigen of the Rh system?

A

D

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11
Q

how does hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn work?

A
  1. mom is Rh negative
  2. baby is Rh positive
  3. mom makes antibodies to D antigen for first pregnancy
  4. upon second pregnancy, D antibodies attack the D antigens on baby’s RBCs
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12
Q

what is RhoGAM? what does it do?

A
  1. anti-D Ab given to mother prior to first birth

2. removes D positive RBCs from baby before immune system forms antibodies

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13
Q

what is front type?

A

commercially made antisera that is mixed with patient RBCs to determine anti-A/B phenotype

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14
Q

what is back type?

A

commercially made RBCs that are mixed with patient plasma to determine presence of anti-A or anti-B antibodies

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15
Q

what tests are required for confirmation of blood type?

A

front type and back type

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16
Q

what does the direct antiglobulin test (direct Coomb’s test) detect? what type of sample is used?

A
  1. in vivo auto or alloantibody sensitization - IgG and/or complement on RBCs
  2. patient RBCs are used
17
Q

what is a common cause of a positive DAT?

A

medications

18
Q

what does the indirect antiglobulin test (indirect Coomb’s test) detect? what type of sample is used?

A
  1. detects in vitro antibody sensitization - unexpected Abs, cross matching
  2. uses patient serum / plasma mixed with random donor RBCs
19
Q

a D positive patient can receive which Rh blood types?

A

D positive or D negative

20
Q

a D negative patient can receive which Rh blood types?

A

only D negative (except in emergencies)

21
Q

what type of RBCs can a type A patient receive?

A

A and O

22
Q

what type of RBCs can a type B patient receive?

A

B and O

23
Q

what type of RBCs can a type AB patient receive?

A

AB, A, B, and O

24
Q

what type of RBCs can a type O patient receive?

A

only O

25
Q

what is the universal donor for plasma?

A

AB

26
Q

what type of plasma can a type A patient receive?

A

A and AB

27
Q

what type of plasma can a type B patient receive?

A

B and AB

28
Q

what type of plasma can a type AB patient receive?

A

AB

29
Q

what type of plasma can a type O patient receive?

A

O, A, B, and AB

30
Q

what % of people who are D negative and given D positive blood will develop the anti-D Ab?

A

50-70%

31
Q

what is the universal blood type recipient?

A

AB