Anemia II Flashcards
the pathophysiology classification of anemia is based on what factor?
reticulocyte response (RR)
what are the main general causes for normocytic anemia?
- decreased production
2. increased destruction
what are the main reasons for megaloblastic anemia?
- B12 or folate deficiency
2. drug related
what are the high risk groups for B12 deficiency?
- women over 60
2. African and Asian countries
what is the most common cause of B12 deficiency? what are the causes?
- pernicious anemia
2. autoantibodies against IF or atrophy of cells that produce IF
what are the neuro findings for B12 deficiency?
- paresthesias
- ataxia
- change in mental status
what are the physical exam findings for B12 deficiency?
- decreased position and vibratory sense
- vision, taste, smell problems
- positive Romberg’s sign
- Babinski’s sign
- neuropathy
what will be seen on diagnostic labs for B12 deficiency?
- low B12
- high serum methylmalonic acid
- high homocysteine
hypersegmented neutrophils could be indicative of what condition?
B12 deficiency
what electrolyte must be closely monitored during treatment for B12 deficiency?
potassium
what are the diagnostic labs for pernicious anemia?
- parietal cell and IF Ab test (positive)
- serum gastrin level (high)
- serum pepsinogen level (low)
- gastric biopsy (atrophy)
what is the cause of aplastic anemia?
bone marrow failure caused by suppression or injury to the stem cells (bone marrow fails to produce mature blood cells)
what is the result of aplastic anemia?
pancytopenia
how will patients with aplastic anemia present?
- petechiae
- weak, fatigued
- bacterial infections (neutropenia)
what diagnostic labs should be performed for aplastic anemia?
- pancytopenia
2. bone marrow biopsy (hypocellular)
