Malaria

Question 1

• What are the PHYSICAL factors involved with the CAUSES of malaria?

Answer 1

1. Presence of female anopheles mosquito 🦟
   ➞ This is because she is the only one that can carry the parasite 🦠
2. Temperatures of 16 - 40°C and high rainfall ⛅
   ➞ This is because these are the conditions upon which mosquitoes can thrive ✨
3. Vegetation to provide shade 🌳
   ➞ This is becayse the mosquitoes need somewhere in the shade after eating to digest the blood 🩸

Question 2

• What are the HUMAN factors involved with the CAUSES of malaria?

Answer 2

1. Poor water/sanitation 💧👎 (breeding sites)
   ➞ This is because it provides breeding sites.
2. Housing closest to breeding sites 🏡 (e.g. paddy fields)
   ➞ This is because it will increase chances of being bitten and passing on the infection.
3. Rubbish 🚮
   ➞ This is because water will gather, which will allow the mosquito to lay their eggs.
4. Poor housing/lack of housing 🏡👎
   ➞ This is because people are more likely to be bitten and contract the disease being exposed in the open.
5. Ignorance 💢 (e.g. uncovered skin)
   ➞ This is because it can be too hot and impractical to cover your skin.
6. Presence of people 👪
   ➞ This is because they provide food/blood reservoir for the mosquitoes.
7. Reservoirs and irrigation channels 🌊
   ➞ This is because it increases the liklihood of mosquitoes laying eggs in stagnant water.
8. Human migration 🏃‍♂️💨
   ➞ This is because it will allow the disease to spread from human to human.

Question 3

• What are the IMPACTS on DEVELOPMENT caused by malaria?

Answer 3

1. Treating the disease is costly 💰
   ➞ Governments can spend almost 40% of their budget fighting malaria (e.g. in Malawi)
   ↳ That money could be spent on other things (e.g. building schools and hospitals)
2. The country loses productivity ⭐📉
   ➞ as people are often too ill and weak to work.
   ↳ If malaria were controlled:
   * productivity would increase ⭐
   * more food can be grown 🌾
   * people would be better fed 😋
   * more children would survive 🩺
   * so the infant mortality rate would fall 💀📉
3. Tourism might increase and multinational corporations would be likely to create bases in a country 🛫
   ➞ if there was less threat of catching malaria.
   ↳ This could create thousands of jobs and would generate much needed money for the economy.

Question 4

• What are the MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES + EFFECTIVENESS of malaria for the HOST (human)?

Answer 4

1. Villages >1km away (keep villages and people at least 1km away from mosquito breeding grounds)
   * 🟢 People are more at risk the closer they live to mosquitoes. so if they live further away - they are less likely to contract malaria 🏡
   * 🟠 Not always possible to escape breeding grounds, as mosquitoes can breed on small amounts of still water 💧
2. Chloroquine (an anti-malarial drug to kill parasites in the blood)
   * 🟢 Kills parasites in the blood and prevents new infections.
   * 🟠 Parasites will eventually become immune;
   expensive;
   drugs have side-effects
   limited supplies
   many doses are needed