Human Environments - Developed (Urban) Flashcards
- What are Glasgow’s housing problems (environmental and socio-economic)?
1.) SOCIO-ECONOMIC:
-
Small houses 🏠🤏
➞ causing overcrowding in the old tenements
↳ (families of 8 living in 2 rooms) -
Unsanitary conditions
➞ due to poor access to clean water/sanitation 🚱 -
Industries declined 🏭📉
➞ causing unemployment and poverty
↳ This lead to high crime rates 🚨
➜ (e.g. highest murder rate in Europe - 83 murders per year) -
Derelict factories & lack of investment 🏭💸
➞ leads to high levels of vandalism -
Air pollution from old factories 🌁
➞ causing respiratory disease 🦠
2.) ENVIRONMENTAL:
-
Rubbish was stored outside 🚮
➞ attracting pests and creating visual pollution -
GAP SITES 🚧
➞ occurred where demolished buildings were not replaced
↳ creating a poor environment 💩 -
Air pollution from old factories 🌁
➞ causing respiratory disease 🦠
What are the MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES for housing in Glasgow?
1.) 🟢 POINT:
* Demolition of tenements and building of high rise flats
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Tenements needed demolished
➞ due to unsanitary conditions 🚱
↳ (e.g. lack of sanitation/clean water)
- Helped reduce overcrowding 👨👩👧👦
➞ by housing people from tenements
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Communities split up 🏚️
➞ could not house everyone from tenements
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. Red Road Flats)
____________________________________________________________________________
2.) 🟢 POINT:
* Demolition of high rise flats
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* High rise flats needed demolished
➞ due to damp and anti-social conditions 🌊💥
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. Red Road Flats)
____________________________________________________________________________
3.) 🟢 POINT:
* Building of new towns
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Provide housing for “overspill population” 👨👨👧👦
➞ created by demolition of tenements
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Communities split up 🏚️
➞ could not house everyone from tenements
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. East Kilbride)
____________________________________________________________________________
4.) 🟢 POINT:
* New tenement-style housing built
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* This style
➞ creates community spirit 🌟
* Houses
➞ architecturally represent areas’ heritage 📜
* Attracted people with a higher income to the area,
➞ increasing social/economic mix (GENTRIFCIATION) 💵
* Public art of the housing 🎨
➞ improves the attractiveness of the area for potential new residents
* Trees and walkways 🌳
➞ added to improve environmental quality.
* Parking outside of the flats 🅿
➞ reduces crime rate as cars visible to owners.
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Limited on-street parking 🚗
➞ due to number of flats in single block
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. Crown Street regeneration project)
____________________________________________________________________________
5.) 🟢 POINT:
* Commonwealth Games facilities redeveloped
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Provided 1440 new houses 🏡
* Energy efficient homes
➞ to lower energy bills ⚡
* Range of hosuing types
➞ (e.g. apartments, terraced, semi-detached)
↳ for different social groups (e.g. old families, disabled) to keep the community together 👪
* Provision for buyers/renters
➞ to allow for different economic groups/mix of backgrounds 💛
* Socially rented affordable housing
➞ for low income households 💵📉
* Housing associations
➞ have been given government grants to build more affordable homes 💰
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Not all original residents can afford prices/rent
➞ splitting up the community 💔
* Existing houses were demolished and residents relocated
➞ compensation for relocation was insufficent to cover costs 👎
🔵 EXAMPLE:
➞ (e.g. Athletes Village development in Dalmarnock)
- What are Glasgow’s TRAFFIC PROBLEMS?
-
Increased commuting from surrounding towns and suburbs to Glasgow 🚦🚗
➞ as people look to live in areas with higher environmental quality/lower house prices 🍃
↳ creating rush hour traffic on major traffic routes
➜ (e.g. 25% of workers are commuters) -
Increased car ownership 🚗📈
➞ due to higher disposable incomes and 2 car families
↳ (e.g. 1991 - 2005, car ownership increased by 50%) -
Car seen as safer for school run 🎒🚸
➞ extending the “rush hour” -
Limited road crossings across the Clyde (BRIDGING POINT) 🌉
➞ creating bottlenecks
↳ (e.g. Kingston Bridge) -
Grid iron street pattern 🌆
➞ (e.g. narrow, cobbles and many junctions)
↳ not designed for the car and slow traffic -
On-street parking 🅿
➞ due to lack of parking/costs, narrows the roads -
Increase in number and size of vehicles 🚛
➞ (e.g. lorries)
↳ which then find it difficult to manoeuvre in outdated network
➜ creating delays -
Large sphere of influence 📣
➞ so many people travel for services -
Route centre 🚦
➞ so cars are gathered on a few key roads -
Through traffic 🚗🚌🚕
➞ adds unnecessary traffic to CBD
↳ creating delays -
Increased road haulage in larger vehicles 🚛
➞ results in more road maintenance,
↳ causing delays -
Stricter traffic rules and gap site car parks removed 😡
➞ increasing on street parking,
↳ narrowing roads
What are the MANAGMENT STRATEGIES for traffic in Glasgow?
1.) 🟢 POINT:
* By-pass
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Through traffic 🚗🚌🚕
➞ does not need to travel through the city centre.
* Takes traffic away from bottlenecks 🍾
➞ (e.g. Kingston Bridge)
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Businesses and homes demolished
➞ compensation was not adequate to cover moving costs 👎
* New roads do not reduce traffic
➞ it is just relocated 🔄
* Increased levels of noise and air pollution
➞ in surrounding areas 🚗💨
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. M74 extension/Glasgow Southern Orbital Road)
____________________________________________________________________________
2.) 🟢 POINT:
* One-way streets introduced
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Reduces traffic 🚗📉
➞ as it improves traffic flow at junctions
🟣 EVALUATE
* Not helpful if unfamiliar with the city ❓
➞ as drivers can become lost
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. George Square)
____________________________________________________________________________
3.) 🟢 POINT:
* Retail area pedestrianisation
🟠 EXPLAIN:
* Improves pedestrian safety and encourages more shoppers 🏪
➞ due to more pleasant environment
↳ (less air and noise pollution)
🟣 EVALUATE:
* Moves cars into neighbouring streets 🚗🔃
➞ increasing traffic there
🔵 EXAMPLE:
* (e.g. Buchanan Street)
____________________________________________________________________________
