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Infection > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main vector for malaria?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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2
Q

What is the most common and aggressive form of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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3
Q

What is the most common non-falciparum type?

A

Plasmodium vivax

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4
Q

What are the main symptoms of Malaria?

A
  • Anaemia
  • Splenomegaly
  • Hepatomegaly and Jaundice
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5
Q

What are more general symptoms of malaria?

A
  • Fever
  • chills
  • Night sweats
  • Headache
  • Malaise and Myalgia
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6
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

3 samples over 3 consecutive days

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7
Q

What is the management of malaria?

A

Riamet
Malarone
Quinine

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8
Q

How long would you give riamet and malarone for?

A

3 days

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9
Q

How long would you give quinine for?

A

7 days

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10
Q

What would you give if the malaria was severe?

A

IV quinine

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11
Q

What is the management for non-falciparum?

A

Chloroquine

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12
Q

What is the prophylaxis for malaria?

A

Malarone
Mefloquine
Doxycycline

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13
Q

How long do you give malarone for as prophylaxis?

A

Start 1-2 days before and continue 1 week after

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14
Q

What are the complications of malaria?

A

Cerebral malaria
AKI
Pulmonary oedema
DIC
Severe haemolytic anaemia
Multi-organ failure and death

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15
Q

How long do you give doxycycline for as prophylaxis?

A

start 1-2 days before and continue 4 weeks after

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16
Q

When would doxycycline be contraindicated?

A

In pregnancy

17
Q

What is usually a common factor in a malaria history?

A

Have visited a foreign country

18
Q

What countries have a high prevalence of malaria?

A

South America

Sub-Saharan Africa

19
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

Malaria blood film- sent in an EDTA bottle

20
Q

How can mefloquine be taken for prophylaxis of malaria?

A

Taken once weekly 2 weeks before, during and 4 weeks after being in endemic area

Can cause bad dreams, potentially psychotic disorder or seizures

21
Q

How can doxycycline be taken for prophylaxis?

A

Taken daily 2 days before, during and 4 weeks after being in endemic area

Can increase sensitivity to sun- sunburn

22
Q

What are the possible presenting features of cerebral malaria?

A

Seizures
Coma

23
Q

What are the oral options for the management of malaria?

A

Riamet
Malarone
Quinine sulphate
Doxycycline

24
Q

What are the IV options for malaria?

A

Artesunate
Quinine dihydrochloride

25
Q

What is the problem with artesunate?

A

It is the most effective treatment but is not licensed

Infection (25 decks)

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