Hepatitis Flashcards
What type of virus is Hepatitis A?
RNA picornavirus
How is Hepatitis A spread?
Spread by the faecal oral route of transmission
Is Hepatitis A treated?
No, it is self-limiting-resolves in 1-3 months with no treatment
What medication can be given for Hepatitis A?
Analgesia
What type of vaccine is a Hepatitis A vaccine?
Inactivated
Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C?
No
In who does hepatitis c cause the most deaths?
IVDU’s
How is hepatitis c spread?
Parenteral
Sexual
Vertical transmission
What might hepatitis C cause?
Chronic hepatitis and cryoglobulinemia
What does Hepatitis C increase the risk of?
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
What is the management for acute hepatitis C?
Analgesia and supportive
What is the management of chronic hepatitis C?
Ribavirin
What does hepatitis D require to propagate?
Hepatitis B virus
What type of virus is RNA?
RNA
How is Hepatitis E spread?
• Spread by the faecal oral route of transmission
In who does hepatitis E have a high mortality rate?
Pregnant women
What antibodies would you find in autoimmune hepatitis?
ANA/SMA/LKM1 antibodies
What would be raised with autoimmune hepatitis?
Raised IgG levels
What is the management of autoimmune hepatitis?
Steroids and other immunosuppressants
e.g. azathioprine or Liver transplant
What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine?
How is Hepatitis B spread?
Parenteral, sexual and vertical transmission route
Who is Hepatitis B common in?
Intravenous drug users
How does Hepatitis B present?
Flu-like prodrome which progresses to Fever, Jaundice and malaise
How is Hepatitis B diagnosed?
Serology for Hep b
How would you monitor Hepatitis B?
HBV-DNA (direct count of viral load)
What is the management for acute Hepatitis B?
Supportive
What is the management of chronic hepatitis B?
Pegylated interferon
What is a possible complication of Hepatitis B?
Can progress to Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
How is the vaccine for hepatitis B administered?
Three doses then tested for HBsAb
What is HBsAg?
Surface antigen
What does HBsAg indicate?
Active infection
What type of infection is it if HBsAg is present for less than 6 months?
Acute infection
What type of infection is it if HBsAg is present for more than 6 months?
What is HBsAb (anti-HBs) ?
Surface anti-body
What does the surface antibody suggest?
Vaccination, past or current infection
When would HBsAb be negative?
In a chronic infection
What is HBeAg?
E antigen
What does the E antigen indicate?
Marker of viral replication
What does a high e antigen suggest?
The more infective they are
What is HBcAB?
Core antibodies
What do the core antibodies suggest?
Past or current infection
What are the 2 types of core antibodies (HBcAB)?
IgM and IgG
What do IgM core antibodies indicate?
Acute infection
High titre with acute infection
Low titre with chronic infection
•
What do IgG core antibodies indicate?
Past infection where HBsAg is negative
What immunisation results would you get with a previous immunisation?
HBsAg negative
Anti-HBs positive
Anti-HBc negative
What immunisation results would you get from an acute infection?
HBsAg positive
Anti-HBs negative
IgM anti-HBc positive
What immunisation results would you get with a chronic infection?
HBsAg positive
Anti-HBs negative
IgG anti-HBc positive
IgM anti-HBc negative
What immunisation results would you get from a previous infection but not a carrier?
• Previous infection, not a carrier: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, IgG anti-HBc positive
