making an axis

Question 1

when are DV axis established in drosophila?

Answer 1

in oocyte

Question 2

what do dorsalised classed mutants cause and what are they?

Answer 2

too much dorsal tissue (spatsle, dorsal and toll)

required for ventral cell fate

Question 3

what are ventralised classed mutants?

Answer 3

too much ventral tissue (cactus)

required for dorsal cell fate

Question 4

what is epistasis analysed pathway of DV pattern mutants?

Answer 4

spatzle —> toll —I cactus —I dorsal

Question 5

what are DV mutants molecularly?

Answer 5

spatzle is ligand
toll is transmembrane protein
cactus binds to dorsal
dorsal is transcription factor

Question 6

how is dorsal protein distributed in egg?

Answer 6

is distributed evenly but only enter nuclei at ventral side . (creates conc gradient (morphogen))

Question 7

what does dorsal activate?

Answer 7

trabscription of zygotic genes in mesoderm of ventral side on embryo. represses all others

Question 8

what are target genes of doral?

Answer 8

twist, snail, rhomboid and dpp

Question 9

what happens to dorsal in ventralised mutant?

Answer 9

dorsal enters all nuclie across egg (all nuclei take ventral cell fate)

Question 10

what happens to dorsal in dorsalised mutant?

Answer 10

dorsal is excluded from all nuclei. (all cells adopt dorsal cell fate)
(dpp expressed through embryo)

Question 11

what additionally is toll pathway required for?

Answer 11

innate immune response