Major Wars Flashcards
Spanish Armada
1590’s Philip 2 tries to invade Calais, England and conquer it to re-Catholicize them
English sends fireships and Spanish cut anchors - lost all ships
War of Spanish Succession
1701-1714 Louis XIV tries to create SPANCE
Effects: France can’t ever become supercountry and depleted all resources
England gained Strait of Gibraltar: protection, slave trade to Spanish colonies (protection and sea power)
30 Year’s War
1618-148
Cause: POA (tensions), Bohemian King bans all Protestant Churches
Effects: Treaty of Westphalia
reaffirmed POA, Netherlands independent, Austria and Prussia start becoming powerful, Edict of Restitution revoked
English Civil War
1642
Cromwell (Parliamentarians) vs. Charles 1 (Royalists)
Effects: English Republic
French Revolution Governments and effects
National assembly (Tennis Court Oath Constitution) 1789
Legislative Assembly: RCC under state 1791
National Convention: Democratic Constitution; French Republic
Directory - relied heavily on the army
Consulate - Napoleon’s coup de tat
Napoleon - declares himself Emperor: Napoleonic Era!
French Revolution Elements
French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - equality, popular sovereignty, freedom of speech, representative government
March On Versailles: Women demanded bread
Reign of Terror: Robespierre on Committee of Public Safety
Neoclassicism
Philosophes ex. Voltaire and Rousseau
French Revolution
1789-1799 Fight for common representation
Causes: Louis XVI in debt because of Seven Years’ War, inefficient taxing system (Rich/nobility had no tax but the poorest commoners paid the most)
Non aristocratic members of the Third Estate clearly had more numbers, but was still outvoted by the First and Second Estate.
Storming of Bastille: Aristocrats vs. Common ppl (massacred by troops and governor )
Effects: hastened nationalism, spread revolutions
Haitian Revolution
1791-1804 Slaves inspired by Declaration of Man to revolt
Toussant Louverture
Battle of Trafalgar
1805 French and Spain vs. British for Mediterranean route to colonies
Effects: ensured British sea rule for 100 years
Continental System
1806 Napoleon’s attempt to stop British rule of the sea by blockading it and preventing other countries from trading
one of Napoleon’s 3 great mistakes
Peninsular War
1807 French Army vs. Portugal to drop alliance with Britain
Napoleon replaces Spanish King with his brother.
Spain and Portugal’s guerilla tactics effectively defeat war
Polish Partitions
1772-1795
Revolutions of 1848
Causes: food shortages, bad industry, nationalism
France: Liberals vs. Louis King Philippe provisional gov for republic constitution - Bonaparte seizes power
:D got universal male suffrage
Germany, Italy, Hungary
All failed because revolutionaries had different goals
Crimean War
1853-1856 Russia vs. Ottomans (Britain and France)
Note: first war to be covered by photographers!
Catherine the Great expands into Crimea for ports into the Black Sea, but the Ottomans controlled the Black Sea
Treaty of Paris: Russia surrenders, Black Sea neutral, no protecting Christians
Effects: Russia industrialized!!!!!
-Bessemer converter (steel)
Italian Unification
1861 Garibaldi vs. Cavour
Cavour wins, conservative g’ment
