18th-19th century Flashcards
Tennis Court Oath
1789 under Louis XVI
The National Assembly (replaced Estates General) promised to create a constitution for France during the early French Revolution
Napoleon becomes Emperor
1804 after Consulate, proclaims himself emperor
Censorship, bribery, flattery
Britain and France peace treaty!
Congress of Vienna
1814-1815 European diplomatic council between France, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia after Napoleonic Wars
Initiated by Metternich, who was worried about nationalism breaking apart Austria
Establish legitimacy (put all monarchs that ruled before the wars back), Shrink France’s borders
While it subdued France, it failed to suppress nationalism and democracy which became a problem later
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Napoleon 3rd
1852 after 1848 Revolutions in France, Napoleon Bonaparte gets elected, seizes power and becomes emperor
Great Reform Bill
1832 Bill for more representation in England
Property qualification still exists, but one urban for one rural voice = balance
just a wider range of aristocrats
Italian Unification
1861 Garibaldi vs. Cavour
Garibaldi: wanted democracy and unity; started north
Cavour: conservative; only wanted unity; started south
They met in the middle and Gari conceded; Italy unifies under conservative g’ment
Franco-Prussian War
1870 incited by politik Otto Von Bismarck “Iron Chancellor” after Austro-Prussian War (wanted to make Prussia dominant state and unify Germany w/o Austria)
Spanish throne opens to Prussian prince; France didn’t want this because it would be sandwiched btwn Prussian states
France LOSES: Napoleon iii captured; German Empire proclaimed
German Unification
1871 Otto Von Bismarck :D did w/ three steps: Danish War,
Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War
Autocratic government
2nd Reform Act
1867 Extended vote to most British men by reducing property qualification!
Influenced by Chartist movement in 1830’s-1850’s
2nd Industrial Revolution
1870-1914 Economic growth that followed expansion of transportation (railways, automobiles) and new forms of energy (oil, electricity)
Huge steel and iron production!
Trains, radios, telegraphs, public transportation, aviation,
Sepoy Rebellion
1857 Indian troops in British Army vs. British East India Company (colonized India)
Sepoys thought guns were lubricated with pig and cow fat (sacred to Muslims)
Berlin Conference
“Scramble for Africa”
1884 After Leopold 2 of Belgium colonized Africa for rubber plantations, other countries wanted to do the same.
Any European country could claim African land as long they notify other countries and prove they can control it
British: Direct Control, France: Indirect Control (Paternalism)
-ultimately caused Apartheid: White elites oppressing colored
